Chemistry Flashcards
What is a cation?
An ion with a positive charge
(tip: think of cats -> positive!)
What is an anion?
An ion with a negative charge
How to name binary acids?
Hydro________ic acid
How to name ternary oxacids ending in -ate?
-ate ->_______-ic acid
(tip: I ATE an ICky bug)
How to name ternary oxacids ending in -ite?
-ite -> ______-ous acid
(tip: SprITE is deliciOUS)
What is the formula for density?
Density = mass(g) /volume(mL)
What is the unit for density?
g/mL
What is the unit for volume?
mL
What is the unit for mass?
g
Define the octet rule
Atoms are the most stable with 8 valence electrons
Name the types of intramolecular forces
Ionic bonds and covalent bonds
Name the types of intermolecular forces (IMFs) in order of strongest to weakest
Ion-dipole forces
Hydrogen bonding
Dipole-Dipole
London Dispersion Forces (LDFs)
What element(s) must be bonded to hydrogen to create a hydrogen bond?
Fluorine
Oxygen
Nitrogen
(tip: think of the acronym FON)
What is different about the elements that create ionic bonds and covalent bonds?
Ionic bonds are created with non-metals and metals
Covalent bonds are formed with ONLY non-metals
What are the two criteria for a molecule to become polar?
Must have at least one polar bond
Must be asymmetrical
(tip: asymmetry appears when the central atom has one or more lone pairs or if there are different elements surrounding the central atom)