chemistry Flashcards
protons
a subatomic particle with a positive electrical charge.
neutrons
nerve cells that send messages all over your body to allow you to do everything from breathing to talking, eating, walking, and thinking
electrons
a negatively charged subatomic particle that can be either bound to an atom or free (not bound
compounds
Understand the difference between: elements, molecules, compounds and mixtures.
elements,
a substance whose atoms all have the same number of protons
molecules
a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds
mixtures.
a material composed of two or more simpler substances in chemistry
7 groups on the periodic table
The Alkali Metals.
The Alkaline Earth Metals.
The Transition Metals.
The Non-metals.
The Halogens.
The Noble Gases.
The Rare Earth Elements.
Define and describe the trends of the following: atomic mass
The atomic mass increases from left to right across a period. The atomic mass is directly proportional to the atomic number.
Define and describe the trends of the following: atomic number
The atomic number increases within the same period while moving from left to right, which in turn increases the effective nuclear charge.
Define and describe the trends of the following: metal/non-metal,
Non-metallic character relates to the tendency to accept electrons during chemical reactions.
Define and describe the trends of the following: atomic radius
atomic radius decreases across a period and increases down a group.
Define and describe the trends of the following; electronegativity
increases as you move from left to right across a period and decreases as you move down a group.
Define and describe the trends of the following: metallic character.
refers to the level of reactivity of a metal.
ionic
the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms
covalent
A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms.
metallic bonding.
force that holds atoms together in a metallic substance.
metallic bonding properties and list examples
magnesium, sodium and aluminum
covalent properties and list examples
Low melting points.
Low boiling points.
Poor electrical conductors.
Poor thermal conductors.
Form brittle or soft solids.
Low enthalpies of fusion.
Low enthalpies of vaporization.
ionic properties and list examples
They form crystals.
They have high melting points and high boiling points.
They have higher enthalpies of fusion and vaporization than molecular compounds. …
They’re hard and brittle. …
They conduct electricity when they are dissolved in water
They’re good insulators.
Know the general order of the reactivity series of metals
K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Ni > Sn > Pb > H > Cu > Ag > Au.
