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Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a chemical reaction?

A

a chemical reaction is a process that involves rearrangement of the molecule or ionic structure of a substance.

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2
Q

what is an element?

A

a substance made from only one type of atom that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance.

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3
Q

what is a mixture?

A

a substance that is physically combined.

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4
Q

what is a compound?

A

a substance that is chemically combined by different elements.

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5
Q

what is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide + water + light -> glucose and oxygen

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6
Q

what is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?

A

CO2

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7
Q

what is the common name for H2O

A

water

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8
Q

what is a reactant in a chemical reaction?

A

the two or more materials reacting together in a reaction.

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9
Q

what is a product in a chemical reaction?

A

the resulting substances of a chemical reaction

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10
Q

what is a chemical change?

A

the splitting and forming of new chemical bonds, giving new substances.

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11
Q

what are some signs of a chemical reaction?

A
  • change of colour
  • odour
  • change in temperature
  • production of gas
  • new substances formed
  • bubbles
  • combustion
  • production of light
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12
Q

what is a combustion chemical reaction?

A

a chemical reaction that includes burning.

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13
Q

what reactant reacts with oxygen to form oxide compounds in a combustion reaction?

A

a fuel chemical.

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14
Q

are combustion reactions exothermic or endothermic?

A

they release energy therefore are exothermic.

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15
Q

what is a complete combustion in a chemical reaction?

A

all carbon dioxide atoms are completely oxidised.

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16
Q

what is an incomplete combustion in chemical reactions?

A

not all carbon dioxide atoms are oxidised.

17
Q

what are the 3 common acids used in reactions?

A
  • hydrochloric acid (HCL)
  • sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
  • nitric acid (HNO3)
18
Q

what are three types of bases?

A
  • hydroxides, eg. sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
  • oxides, eg. sodium oxide (Na2O)
  • carbonates, eg. sodium carbonate (Na2CO3$
19
Q

what is a neutralisation reaction?

A

when an acid reacts with a base and salt and water is produced.

20
Q

what is the formula for a neutralisation reaction?

A

acid + base –> water + salt

21
Q

what is hydrochloric acid salt name?

A

chlorides

22
Q

what is sulphuric acid salt name?

A

sulphate

23
Q

what is nitric acid salt name?

A

nitrates.

24
Q

how do you name a salt?

A

the 1st word is the metal in the salt, 2nd word is the acid salt name.

25
Q

what is the neutralisation of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide?

A

hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide –> sodium chloride + water

26
Q

what is the word formula for a acid and metal reaction?

A

acid + metal –> salt + hydrogen

27
Q

what is the word formula for an acid and carbonate reaction?

A

acid + carbonate –> salt + carbon dioxide + water.

28
Q

what is corrosion?

A

the process by which metals are broken down over a long period of time by reacting with substances within its environment.

29
Q

what is an example of corrosion?

A

iron reacting with oxygen and water creating rust.

30
Q

how does corrosion occur chemically?

A

ions losing electrons and the element is being reduced as it’s gaining electrons.

31
Q

what is a precipitation chemical reaction?

A

when two salt solutions are combined and an insoluble salt is formed.

32
Q

what is the precipitation word equation for the reaction of silver nitrate and sodium chloride?

A

sodium chloride + silver nitrate –> sodium nitrate + silver chloride

33
Q

what is thermal decomposition?

A

when a chemical substance breaks down into at least two substances due to heat.

34
Q

what is electrical decomposition?

A

when a chemical substance breaks down due to a electrical current passing through it.

35
Q

is decomposition exothermic or endothermic?

A

requires energy therefore is endothermic.

36
Q

how can you test for the presence or carbon dioxide?

A

co2 reacts with like water, making the substance cloudy.

37
Q

how to test for hydrogen in the lab?

A

by igniting a flame, hydrogen makes a ‘popping’ noise.

38
Q

how to test for oxygen in the lab?

A

can cause splinters of wood to burst into flames.

39
Q

what is respiration?

A

chemical process by which organic compounds release energy.

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