Chemistry Flashcards
what is a chemical reaction?
a chemical reaction is a process that involves rearrangement of the molecule or ionic structure of a substance.
what is an element?
a substance made from only one type of atom that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance.
what is a mixture?
a substance that is physically combined.
what is a compound?
a substance that is chemically combined by different elements.
what is the word equation for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide + water + light -> glucose and oxygen
what is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?
CO2
what is the common name for H2O
water
what is a reactant in a chemical reaction?
the two or more materials reacting together in a reaction.
what is a product in a chemical reaction?
the resulting substances of a chemical reaction
what is a chemical change?
the splitting and forming of new chemical bonds, giving new substances.
what are some signs of a chemical reaction?
- change of colour
- odour
- change in temperature
- production of gas
- new substances formed
- bubbles
- combustion
- production of light
what is a combustion chemical reaction?
a chemical reaction that includes burning.
what reactant reacts with oxygen to form oxide compounds in a combustion reaction?
a fuel chemical.
are combustion reactions exothermic or endothermic?
they release energy therefore are exothermic.
what is a complete combustion in a chemical reaction?
all carbon dioxide atoms are completely oxidised.
what is an incomplete combustion in chemical reactions?
not all carbon dioxide atoms are oxidised.
what are the 3 common acids used in reactions?
- hydrochloric acid (HCL)
- sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
- nitric acid (HNO3)
what are three types of bases?
- hydroxides, eg. sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
- oxides, eg. sodium oxide (Na2O)
- carbonates, eg. sodium carbonate (Na2CO3$
what is a neutralisation reaction?
when an acid reacts with a base and salt and water is produced.
what is the formula for a neutralisation reaction?
acid + base –> water + salt
what is hydrochloric acid salt name?
chlorides
what is sulphuric acid salt name?
sulphate
what is nitric acid salt name?
nitrates.
how do you name a salt?
the 1st word is the metal in the salt, 2nd word is the acid salt name.
what is the neutralisation of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide?
hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide –> sodium chloride + water
what is the word formula for a acid and metal reaction?
acid + metal –> salt + hydrogen
what is the word formula for an acid and carbonate reaction?
acid + carbonate –> salt + carbon dioxide + water.
what is corrosion?
the process by which metals are broken down over a long period of time by reacting with substances within its environment.
what is an example of corrosion?
iron reacting with oxygen and water creating rust.
how does corrosion occur chemically?
ions losing electrons and the element is being reduced as it’s gaining electrons.
what is a precipitation chemical reaction?
when two salt solutions are combined and an insoluble salt is formed.
what is the precipitation word equation for the reaction of silver nitrate and sodium chloride?
sodium chloride + silver nitrate –> sodium nitrate + silver chloride
what is thermal decomposition?
when a chemical substance breaks down into at least two substances due to heat.
what is electrical decomposition?
when a chemical substance breaks down due to a electrical current passing through it.
is decomposition exothermic or endothermic?
requires energy therefore is endothermic.
how can you test for the presence or carbon dioxide?
co2 reacts with like water, making the substance cloudy.
how to test for hydrogen in the lab?
by igniting a flame, hydrogen makes a ‘popping’ noise.
how to test for oxygen in the lab?
can cause splinters of wood to burst into flames.
what is respiration?
chemical process by which organic compounds release energy.
