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TEAS STUDYING > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

solid state properties:

A
  • definite volume
  • maintains shape regardless of container
  • particles lie close together in regular pattern
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2
Q

liquid state properties:

A
  • definite volume
  • assumes shape of container
  • particles are close together but can move past one another
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3
Q

gas state properties:

A
  • no definite shape or volume, assumes of container
  • particles are far apart and move around randomly
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4
Q

physical properties:

A
  • are observed/measured without changing composition of material
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5
Q

chemical properties:

A
  • determine how a substance can be converted into another substance
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6
Q

all matter is EITHER

A
  • pure substance or
  • mixture
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7
Q

pure substance:

A
  • composed of single component
  • constant composition
  • cannot be broken down by physical change
  • further classified as either: element or compound
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8
Q

element

A
  • pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemical change
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9
Q

compound

A
  • pure substance formed by chemically joining 2+ elements
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10
Q

mixtures

A
  • composed of more than 1 component
  • varying composition
  • can be separated into parts by physical process
  • ex: sugar dissolved in water
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11
Q

density formula

A

mass (g) / volume (mL)

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12
Q

properties of metals:

A
  • located on left side of periodic table
  • good conductors of heat & electricity
  • shiny solids @ room temp
    *except for mercury (Hg) = liquid @ room temp
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13
Q

properties of nonmetals:

A
  • located on right side of periodic table
  • dull appearance
  • poor conductors of heat & electricity
  • can be solid, liquid, or gas
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14
Q

properties of metalloids:

A
  • located on solid line
  • intermediate properties between metals & nonmetals
  • 7 metalloids = boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te), and astatine (At)
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15
Q

major minerals

A

at least 100mg needed in daily diet

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16
Q

trace elements

A

<15mg needed in daily diet

17
Q

3 subatomic particles that all atoms are made of:

A
  • protons
  • neutrons
  • electrons
18
Q

properties of the nucleus

A
  • location of protons and neutrons
  • dense core of atom
  • location of most the atom’s mass
19
Q

properties of the electron cloud

A
  • location of electrons
  • comprises most of the atom’s volume
  • mostly empty space
20
Q

atomic number

A
  • # above element symbol
  • equal to # of protons = # of electrons (in neutral atoms)
21
Q

isotopes

A

atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons

22
Q

atomic weight

A
  • number below element symbol
  • measured in atomic mass units
  • this weight is the average of the masses of the naturally occurring isotopes
23
Q

electron structure

A
  • principal energy levels (shells)
  • electrons in lower # shells = closer to nucleus
  • shells are divided into subshells (s,p,d,f)
24
Q

subshells consist of:

A
  • orbitals = region of space where the probability of finding an electron is high
  • each orbital can hold 2 electrons
25
Q

covalent bonds:

A
  • sharing of electrons
  • bond between 2 nonmetals OR metalloid and nonmetal
26
Q

ionic bonds:

A
  • transfer of electrons from one element to another
  • bond between a metal & nonmetal
  • consist of oppositley charged ions that have strong attraction to each other
  • forms either a cation or anion
27
Q

cations:

A
  • positively charged ions
  • has fewer electrons than protons
  • by losing 1-3 electrons, at atom forms a cation with a filler outer shell of electrons
28
Q

anions:

A
  • negatively charged ions
  • more electrons than protons
  • by gaining 1-3 electrons, atoms form anion with filler outer shell of electrons
29
Q

octet rule:

A
  • main group elements are most stable when they posses an octet of electrons in its outer shell (8)
30
Q

metals always form ___ and nonmetals always form ___

A
  • cations
  • anions
31
Q

physical properties of ionic compounds:

A
  • crystalline solids
  • high melting & boiling points
  • when dissolved in water, they separate into cations & anions

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