Chemistry Flashcards
What is a cation and anion?
Cation: metal that is positively charged (losing electrons)
Anion: non-metal that is negatively charged (gaining electrons)
Characteristics of metals?
Good conductors
High melting point
Lustrous
Shiny/silvery white
Ductile
Malleabl
Characteristics of metalloids?
Brittle
Semi-conductors
Metallic (lustrous)
Characteristics of non-metals?
Non-malleable
Non-ductile
Poor conductors of heat + electricity
Trend of electronegativity + what it is?
The ability to attract electrons
- Decreases down a group
- Increases across a period
What are reactants?
Substances that take part in and undergo change (when combined with others)
What is the collision theory?
States that for a chemical reaction to occur, the reacting particles must collide with each other (rate of reaction depends on frequency of collision)
What factors are used to determine if a chemical reaction has taken place?
- Colour change
- Gas produced (bubbles)
- Solid formed (precipitate)
- Energy produced (heat, light, or sound)
What are catalysts?
Chemical that increases rate of reaction without itself undergoing a permanent chemical change.
What is an ionic compound?
Type of chemical compound where the oppositely charged ions of a metal and non metal are attracted to form an ionic bond.
What is an ionic bond?
Type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between anions and cations (transfer of electrons)
What is a covalent bond?
Chemical bond involving the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms to fill an electron shell.
What is a neutralisation reaction?
acid + base -> water + salt
What is a monoatomic ion?
Made of one atom (copper, nitride)
What is a polyatomic ion?
Made of more than one atom (nitrate, sulfate)
