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Science year 9 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an element

A

Substance made up of only one type of atom

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2
Q

what is a mixture

A

Substance made up of 2 or more types of atoms not chemically joined together

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3
Q

what is a compound

A

Substance made up of 2 or more types of atoms chemically joined together

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4
Q

what is an atom

A

neutral particle as it has equal amount of protons and electrons

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5
Q

What is an ion?

A

charged particle as it has an unequal amount of protons and electrons

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6
Q

What is the relative mass and charge of a proton

A

mass= 1 charge = +

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7
Q

What is the relative mass and charge of a neutron

A

mass = 1 charge = 0

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8
Q

What is the relative mass and charge of an electron

A

mass = 0 and charge = -

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9
Q

what is an isotope

A

atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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10
Q

how many electrons can each shell hold

A

inner shell: 2 outer shells: 8

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11
Q

what do groups tell us

A

The group number shows how many electrons in the outer shell

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12
Q

what do periods show

A

The period shows how many shells the electrons occupy

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13
Q

what is a molecule

A

Molecules are neutral particles made up of between 2 and approx 1000 atoms chemically bonded together

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14
Q

What are Giant Structures?

A

Giant structures are made up of billions of atoms all chemically joined together. There are 3 types: Giant Ionic, Giant Covalent and Giant Metallic

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15
Q

Forces

A

All substances are held together by electrostatic attractions, called bonds and forces, with some being stronger or weaker than others

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16
Q

how are ions formed

A

Ions are formed when when metals and non-metals react together: when it gains or loses an electron

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17
Q

how does a positive charged ion form?

A

Positive charged ion - formed when an atom loses an electron when it reacts

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18
Q

how does a negative charged ion form

A

Negative charged ion - formed when an atom gains an electron when it reacts

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19
Q

what is the law of conservation of mass

A

The law of conservation of mass states that in a chemical reaction mass is neither created nor destroyed

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20
Q

where are protons and neutrons found

A

the nucleus

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21
Q

why do atoms have the same number of protons and electron

A

this is because they have a negative and positive charge which means they cancel out

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22
Q

to find the mass what do you need to do

A

number of protons + number of neutrons

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23
Q

how do you find the number of neutrons

A

mass number - atomic number

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24
Q

which structures attract

A

+ -

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25
Q

which structures repel

A

++ and - -

26
Q

what is a polyatomic ion

A

there is more than one for example hydroxide is OH-

27
Q

what is a Monoatomic ion

A

an ion consisting of exactly one atom for example Na-

28
Q

What is the scale for pH

A

0-14

29
Q

what is neutral

A

7 (green)

30
Q

what is very acidic

A

0

31
Q

what is very alkaline

A

14

32
Q

what is an alkali

A

an alkali is a soluble base

33
Q

bases react with what to create salt (neutralisation)

A

acid

34
Q

what is diffusion

A

the spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to low

35
Q

what is concentration

A

how much of a substance is dissolved in a solution

36
Q

what is concentration measured in

A

mol/dm3

37
Q

What are chemical reactions

A

Chemical reactions are when chemical bonds between atoms are formed or broken.

38
Q

what is the difference between metals and non metals (aperance wise)

A

Metals: conduct energy,
hard, sonorous, dense, shiny

non-metals: soft, good insulators,
low density, dull

39
Q

how do oxides form

A

when a metal and non metal react with oxygen

40
Q

what is the word equation for a metal oxide

A

metal + oxygen -> metal oxide

41
Q

what kind of solution do metal and non metal oxides produce

A

metal oxides = alkaline
non-metal oxides = acidic

42
Q

what is reactivity

A

how easily a substance
reacts chemically with other
substances

43
Q

what are the reactivity series in order

A

Potassium
sodium
calcium
magnesium
aluminium
zinc
iron
lead
copper
silver
gold

44
Q

what is displacement

A

displacement is when a more
reactive element will “kick out” and
take the place of a less reactive
element from a compound

45
Q

what is the equation for displacement

A

AB + C -> AC + B

46
Q

NEUTRALISATION

A

acid + alkali -> salt + water

47
Q

what is electrolysis

A

the splitting of a compound using electricity

48
Q

what happens during electrolysis

A

the non metal ions move to the positive electrode and the metal ions move to the negative electrode

49
Q

what is electrolysis used for

A

extracting metals, purifying metals and electroplating objects

50
Q

what is thermal decomposition

A

when a substance is broken down by heat

51
Q

what is the equation for thermal decomposition

A

metal carbonate -> metal oxide + carbon dioxide

52
Q

DRAW THE LIMESTONE CYCLE FOR THIS CARD!!!

A

limestone - quicklime - slaked lime

53
Q

what is limestone

A

a sedimentary rock made mainly up of calcium carbonate

54
Q

what is a reaction that needs heat

A

endothermic

55
Q

what is a reaction that give off heat

A

exothermic

56
Q

What is a fire triangle made up of

A

Oxygen, fuel and heat

57
Q

What happens when a hydrocarbon (hydrogen and carbon) is burned

A

It produces carbon dioxide and water

58
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide

A

Limewater

59
Q

What is the test for water

A

Anhydrous copper sulphate

60
Q

What is complete combustion and what are the products

A

Complete combustion is when there is a lot of oxygen flowing through and it makes carbon dioxide and water

61
Q

What is incomplete combustion and what are the products

A

It is when there is a limited flow of oxygen and it creates carbon monoxide and water

62
Q

Why is carbon monoxide dangerous

A

It reacts with the haemoglobin in our blood and it causes it to stop carrying oxygen so you can die

Science year 9 (3 decks)

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