Chemistry Flashcards
What is Ionic Bonding
The electrostatic attraction of oppositely charged ions
What is an Ionic Lattice
When lot of ions attract
Properties of Ionic Bonding
High Melting Point, Conduction (only when a liquid) and Brittle
What is Metallic Bonding
The force of attraction between these free moving (delocalized) electrons and positive metal ions
What is an Alloy
Two or more metals mixed together, layer would also not slide over one another making them hard to bend
Properties of Metallic Bonding
Ductile, malleable and a good conductor
What is Covalent Bonding
The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and positive nuclei of two atoms
What is Dative Covalent Bonding
The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and positive nuclei of the same atom
What are Sub-Shells
S, P, D
How many electrons does an orbital contain
Two
What is the AUFBAU principle
Electrons enter the lowest energy level
What is Hund’s Rule
When in orbital of equal energy, electrons will try to remain unpaired
What is Pauli’s Exclusion Principle
Two Electrons can go in each other’s orbitals if they have opposite spin
What Sub-Shells are in the first level
1s
What Sub-Shells are in the second level
2s, 2p
What Sub-Shells are in the third level
3s, 3p, 3d
What is Ionization
Electrons would be taken from the s series before the d series
What is Electronegativity
The ability to attract the pair of electrons in a covalent bond to itself
What is the most electronegative element
Fluorine, F
What are the types of intermolecular forces
Induced dipole-dipole, Permanent dipole-dipole, Hydrogen Bonding
What is Induced Dipole-Dipole
A temporary and weak force between different molecules in a substance
What’s is a Permanent Dipole-Dipole
Polar Molecules held together by permanent dipole interactions
What is Hydrogen Bonding
The strongest IMF forming in molecules with very polarised bonds and a lone pair
What determines Ionic Bond Strength
High Charge, Smaller Ions
What determines Mettalic Lattice Strength
Smaller Ions, Higher Charge(More electrons)
What determines Covalent Bond Strength
Longer Bonds are weaker
