Biology B1 Flashcards by Suber Abdi

What does a cell need to be alive?

Movement
Reproduction
Sensitivity

Growth
Respiration
Excretion
Nutrition

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What are the two types of cells?

Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

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Types of prokaryotic cells

Bacteria

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Types of Eukaryotic cells

Animal
Plant
Fungi

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What are the parts of prokaryotic cell?

Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
Ribosomes
Cell Wall
Nucleoid
Plasmid
Capsule
Flagella
Pill

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What are the parts of animal cell?

Nucleus
Nucleolus
RER
Cytoplasm
SER
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Vesicle
Golgi Apparatus
Plasma Membrane
Mitochondria

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What are the parts of plant cell?

Nucleus
Nucleolus
RER
Cytoplasm
SER
Ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Tonoplast
Pit
Plasmodesmata
Amyloplast

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What is a nucleus?

Controls what happens inside the cell and contains genetic information in eukaryotes

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What is a nucleolus?

Produces ribosomes

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What are mitochondria?

Where respiration(to generate energy)happens

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What are ribosomes?

Converts genetic code into chains of amino acids

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What is RER?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum which produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function

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What is SER?

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum which produces lipids

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What is the Golgi apparatus?

Tagging vesicles with proteins and sugar molecules, which serve as identifiers for the vesicles so they can be delivered to the proper target

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What are centrioles?

Help the cell during cell division

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What are vesicles?

Tiny sacs that transport materials within or outside the cell

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What are lysosomes?

Helps with cell metabolism by ingesting and dissolving unwanted parts of the cell

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What is cytoplasm?

Where chemical reactions happen

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What is the plasma membrane?

A membrane of lipids and proteins which forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell

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What is the cell membrane?

A biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of all cells from the outside environment of a cell

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What is the cell wall?

Made by a tough substance called cellulose

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What are chloroplasts?

Where photosynthesis happens
contains chlorophyll(makes plants green)

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What is the vacuole?

Contains a liquids called sap

What are tonoplasts?

A membrane which bounds the chief vacuole of a plant cell

What are amyloplasts?

To store starch

What are plasmodesmata?

allow transport and communication between the adjacent cells

What is a pit?

Transport of minerals and water between the cells

What is a plasmid?

A genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of the chromosomes

What is a nucleoid?

Where the genetic material of the prokaryotic cell is located in

What is a capsule?

What is a flagella?

a long whip like structure by which some tiny cells to move

What are the two types of microscopes

Electron Light

What is magnification?

How much large an image is compared to the object's real size

What is resolution?

The degree at which it is possible to distinguish between two objects that are close together

What is the equation for magnification?

Magnification= Image size/Object size

Part of a microscope

Objective Lens Coarse Focus Stage Fine Focus Eye Piece Light Arm Base Stage Clips

What are objective lens?

The lens used to magnify an image

What is the coarse focus?

Used to bring the specimen into approximate or near focus

What is the fine focus?

To sharpen the focus quality of the image

What is protein synthesis?

The process in which cells make proteins

What is MRNA?

Messenger RNA

How does protein synthesis happen in animal cells?

Proteins are synthesized in the cells through the transcription and translation processes and MRNA is made from DNA

How does protein synthesis happen in prokaryotes?

Taking coded information from the cell DNA and using it to assemble amino acids into proteins

What is the structure of DNA

Double-Helix (Two Chains of DNA)

What is DNA?

A polymer/polynucleotide

What is a chain of DNA made up of?

monomers of nucleotides

What the types of nucleotides?

Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine

What are nucleotides made of?

a phosphate, a base and 5-carbon sugar

What are the pairs of nucleotides?

Adenine and Thymine Cytosine and Guanine

What are the pairs of nucleotides known as?

Complementary Base Pairs

Puit protein systehsis here

What is gram staining?

A method used to find out which bacteria belongs to which group

What are the types of gram stains?

Gram Positive Gram Negative

What is gram positive?

Bacteria that has thick cell walls and and one layer of plasma membrane

What is gram negative?

Bacteria that has thin cell walls and and two layer of plasma membrane

How do you find gram positive?

If the stain is purple

How do you find gram negative?

If the stain is pink