Biology B1 Flashcards
What does a cell need to be alive?
Movement
Reproduction
Sensitivity
Growth
Respiration
Excretion
Nutrition
What are the two types of cells?
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Types of prokaryotic cells
Bacteria
Types of Eukaryotic cells
Animal
Plant
Fungi
What are the parts of prokaryotic cell?
Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
Ribosomes
Cell Wall
Nucleoid
Plasmid
Capsule
Flagella
Pill
What are the parts of animal cell?
Nucleus
Nucleolus
RER
Cytoplasm
SER
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Vesicle
Golgi Apparatus
Plasma Membrane
Mitochondria
What are the parts of plant cell?
Nucleus
Nucleolus
RER
Cytoplasm
SER
Ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Tonoplast
Pit
Plasmodesmata
Amyloplast
What is a nucleus?
Controls what happens inside the cell and contains genetic information in eukaryotes
What is a nucleolus?
Produces ribosomes
What are mitochondria?
Where respiration(to generate energy)happens
What are ribosomes?
Converts genetic code into chains of amino acids
What is RER?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum which produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function
What is SER?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum which produces lipids
What is the Golgi apparatus?
Tagging vesicles with proteins and sugar molecules, which serve as identifiers for the vesicles so they can be delivered to the proper target
What are centrioles?
Help the cell during cell division
What are vesicles?
Tiny sacs that transport materials within or outside the cell
What are lysosomes?
Helps with cell metabolism by ingesting and dissolving unwanted parts of the cell
What is cytoplasm?
Where chemical reactions happen
What is the plasma membrane?
A membrane of lipids and proteins which forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell
What is the cell membrane?
A biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of all cells from the outside environment of a cell
What is the cell wall?
Made by a tough substance called cellulose
What are chloroplasts?
Where photosynthesis happens
contains chlorophyll(makes plants green)
What is the vacuole?
Contains a liquids called sap
What are tonoplasts?
A membrane which bounds the chief vacuole of a plant cell
What are amyloplasts?
To store starch
What are plasmodesmata?
allow transport and communication between the adjacent cells
What is a pit?
Transport of minerals and water between the cells
What is a plasmid?
A genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of the chromosomes
What is a nucleoid?
Where the genetic material of the prokaryotic cell is located in
What is a capsule?
What is a flagella?
a long whip like structure by which some tiny cells to move
What are the two types of microscopes
Electron
Light
What is magnification?
How much large an image is compared to the object’s real size
What is resolution?
The degree at which it is possible to distinguish between two objects that are close together
What is the equation for magnification?
Magnification=
Image size/Object size
Part of a microscope
Objective Lens
Coarse Focus
Stage
Fine Focus
Eye Piece
Light
Arm
Base
Stage Clips
What are objective lens?
The lens used to magnify an image
What is the coarse focus?
Used to bring the specimen into approximate or near focus
What is the fine focus?
To sharpen the focus quality of the image
What is protein synthesis?
The process in which cells make proteins
What is MRNA?
Messenger RNA
How does protein synthesis happen in animal cells?
Proteins are synthesized in the cells through the transcription and translation processes and MRNA is made from DNA
How does protein synthesis happen in prokaryotes?
Taking coded information from the cell DNA and using it to assemble amino acids into proteins
What is the structure of DNA
Double-Helix (Two Chains of DNA)
What is DNA?
A polymer/polynucleotide
What is a chain of DNA made up of?
monomers of nucleotides
What the types of nucleotides?
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
What are nucleotides made of?
a phosphate, a base and 5-carbon sugar
What are the pairs of nucleotides?
Adenine and Thymine
Cytosine and Guanine
What are the pairs of nucleotides known as?
Complementary Base Pairs
Puit protein systehsis here
What is gram staining?
A method used to find out which bacteria belongs to which group
What are the types of gram stains?
Gram Positive
Gram Negative
What is gram positive?
Bacteria that has thick cell walls and and one layer of plasma membrane
What is gram negative?
Bacteria that has thin cell walls and and two layer of plasma membrane
How do you find gram positive?
If the stain is purple
How do you find gram negative?
If the stain is pink
