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Applied Science (Unit 1) > Biology B1 > Flashcards

Biology B1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does a cell need to be alive?

A

Movement
Reproduction
Sensitivity

Growth
Respiration
Excretion
Nutrition

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2
Q

What are the two types of cells?

A

Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

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3
Q

Types of prokaryotic cells

A

Bacteria

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4
Q

Types of Eukaryotic cells

A

Animal
Plant
Fungi

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5
Q

What are the parts of prokaryotic cell?

A

Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
Ribosomes
Cell Wall
Nucleoid
Plasmid
Capsule
Flagella
Pill

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6
Q

What are the parts of animal cell?

A

Nucleus
Nucleolus
RER
Cytoplasm
SER
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Vesicle
Golgi Apparatus
Plasma Membrane
Mitochondria

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7
Q

What are the parts of plant cell?

A

Nucleus
Nucleolus
RER
Cytoplasm
SER
Ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Tonoplast
Pit
Plasmodesmata
Amyloplast

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8
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

Controls what happens inside the cell and contains genetic information in eukaryotes

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9
Q

What is a nucleolus?

A

Produces ribosomes

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10
Q

What are mitochondria?

A

Where respiration(to generate energy)happens

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11
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Converts genetic code into chains of amino acids

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12
Q

What is RER?

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum which produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function

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13
Q

What is SER?

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum which produces lipids

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14
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus?

A

Tagging vesicles with proteins and sugar molecules, which serve as identifiers for the vesicles so they can be delivered to the proper target

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15
Q

What are centrioles?

A

Help the cell during cell division

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16
Q

What are vesicles?

A

Tiny sacs that transport materials within or outside the cell

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17
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

Helps with cell metabolism by ingesting and dissolving unwanted parts of the cell

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18
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

Where chemical reactions happen

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19
Q

What is the plasma membrane?

A

A membrane of lipids and proteins which forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell

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20
Q

What is the cell membrane?

A

A biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of all cells from the outside environment of a cell

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21
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

Made by a tough substance called cellulose

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22
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

Where photosynthesis happens
contains chlorophyll(makes plants green)

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23
Q

What is the vacuole?

A

Contains a liquids called sap

24
Q

What are tonoplasts?

A

A membrane which bounds the chief vacuole of a plant cell

25
Q

What are amyloplasts?

A

To store starch

26
Q

What are plasmodesmata?

A

allow transport and communication between the adjacent cells

27
Q

What is a pit?

A

Transport of minerals and water between the cells

28
Q

What is a plasmid?

A

A genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of the chromosomes

29
Q

What is a nucleoid?

A

Where the genetic material of the prokaryotic cell is located in

30
Q

What is a capsule?

A
31
Q

What is a flagella?

A

a long whip like structure by which some tiny cells to move

32
Q

What are the two types of microscopes

A

Electron
Light

33
Q

What is magnification?

A

How much large an image is compared to the object’s real size

34
Q

What is resolution?

A

The degree at which it is possible to distinguish between two objects that are close together

35
Q

What is the equation for magnification?

A

Magnification=
Image size/Object size

36
Q

Part of a microscope

A

Objective Lens
Coarse Focus
Stage
Fine Focus
Eye Piece
Light
Arm
Base
Stage Clips

37
Q

What are objective lens?

A

The lens used to magnify an image

38
Q

What is the coarse focus?

A

Used to bring the specimen into approximate or near focus

39
Q

What is the fine focus?

A

To sharpen the focus quality of the image

40
Q

What is protein synthesis?

A

The process in which cells make proteins

41
Q

What is MRNA?

A

Messenger RNA

42
Q

How does protein synthesis happen in animal cells?

A

Proteins are synthesized in the cells through the transcription and translation processes and MRNA is made from DNA

43
Q

How does protein synthesis happen in prokaryotes?

A

Taking coded information from the cell DNA and using it to assemble amino acids into proteins

44
Q

What is the structure of DNA

A

Double-Helix (Two Chains of DNA)

45
Q

What is DNA?

A

A polymer/polynucleotide

46
Q

What is a chain of DNA made up of?

A

monomers of nucleotides

47
Q

What the types of nucleotides?

A

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

48
Q

What are nucleotides made of?

A

a phosphate, a base and 5-carbon sugar

49
Q

What are the pairs of nucleotides?

A

Adenine and Thymine
Cytosine and Guanine

50
Q

What are the pairs of nucleotides known as?

A

Complementary Base Pairs

51
Q

Puit protein systehsis here

A
52
Q

What is gram staining?

A

A method used to find out which bacteria belongs to which group

53
Q

What are the types of gram stains?

A

Gram Positive
Gram Negative

54
Q

What is gram positive?

A

Bacteria that has thick cell walls and and one layer of plasma membrane

55
Q

What is gram negative?

A

Bacteria that has thin cell walls and and two layer of plasma membrane

56
Q

How do you find gram positive?

A

If the stain is purple

57
Q

How do you find gram negative?

A

If the stain is pink

Applied Science (Unit 1) (6 decks)

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