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Chemistry and Biochemistry 1 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is an element

A

A substance made up of one type of atom. So cannot not be split up into smaller substances

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2
Q

How many elements are in normally present in the human body?

A

26

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3
Q

What are the four major elements

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

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4
Q

What are subatomic particles ?

A

Protons, neutrons and electrons

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5
Q

What does the proton and neutron form ?

A

The nucleus of an atom

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6
Q

What charge does a proton have and what is the mass?

A

Positive charge and a mass of approximately 1 atomic unit

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7
Q

What charge does a neutrons have and what is the mass?

A

A neutron have no charge and has a mass of 1 atomic unit

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8
Q

What charge does a electron have and what is the mass?

A

An electron is negatively charged and buzz around the outside of the nucleus. Creating an electron cloud. They have virtually no mass

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9
Q

How many electrons and protons does an element have ?

A

Equal number of protons and electrons resulting in a overall negative charge

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10
Q

What is an electron shell?

A

Groups of electrons that move around the nucleus

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11
Q

Where do the electrons pair up ?

A

Within their shells

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12
Q

When does an atom become reactive?

A

If it’s outer shell isn’t full or if it loses an electron

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13
Q

What is a free radical ?

A

When a atom loses an electron and the electron is unpaired

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14
Q

What are the chemicals properties of an atom reliant on ?

A

The number of protons and electrons

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15
Q

What is a periodic table?

A

A list of the currently known elements arranged in columns and rows that show us which elements share similar reactivity and physical properties

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16
Q

What does the number assigned to each element mean ?

A

How many protons ,and therefore how many electrons each atom has

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17
Q

What does the larger number indicate?

A

The mass number - weight in atomic units.

It tells us how much the atom weighs so can be used to work court the number of neutrons-as the electron weigh nothing

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18
Q

atoms have to be in even numbers

A

2, 8, 8

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19
Q

Period table explain

A

small number is atomic number
The larger number is

Any atom will always be neutral as the protons and atoms cancel each other out.

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20
Q

The outer shell determines where an atom is in the periodic table

A

E.eg Sodium has 1 in the outer shell therefore in group 1

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21
Q

Noble gases

A

outer shell always has 8

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22
Q

Halogens

A

Always have 7 in the outer shell

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23
Q

Isotope, why does it act in the same why ?

A

Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons, because it has the same amount of protons and neutrons

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24
Q

Radiation comes from isotopes

A

Because unstable neutrons that get rid of the neutrons -becomes radioactive, gamma, alpha and beta

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25
Q

Ionic bonding

A

Give and receive elections, only give up to two

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26
Q

what des Nacl stay together?

A

Because opposite attracts so stay together

27
Q

what does electro negativity means

A

Pull electrons closer to the centre, e.g Florine, oxygen and nitrogen. Pull electrons closer to the centre.

28
Q

what does polarity mean?

A

When one side is slightly negative and the other slightly positive

29
Q

why is water is polar. Universal solvent

A

Because is can dissolve in things.

Anything that is polar can dissolve water

30
Q

what is an oil

A

Non- polar.

31
Q

Anything that has a charge can dissolve

A
32
Q

what are electrolytes?

A

An ion that is has a charged

33
Q

reactants together makes what ?

A

Products

34
Q

what does activation energy

A

the minimum amount of energy needed to for atoms to collide

35
Q

what are three things that are needed for a reaction to occur

A

Heat, energy and pressure

36
Q

What are enzymes?

A

A type of enzyme, so that a reaction can take place in the body at 370C activation energy.

37
Q

pineapple, papaya- a type of protozoa makes the meats more tender

A

Natural occurring enzyme

38
Q

Statins - HMG-CoA

A

Lowers colerestral however reduces

c0-10 fuel to make ATP , therefore makes you tired

39
Q

what is anablic reaction

A

metabolism is equal to anabolic and catabolism

40
Q

what is hydrolysis?

A

breaking down of water

41
Q

What is dehydration ?

A

Taking water out

42
Q

What is dehydration?

A

when water is formed as a waste product

43
Q

what is important buffer system

A

Kidney- mops up the extra acidity- bicarbonate

44
Q

chronic kidney disease

A

unable to get rid of acidity or alkaline,

45
Q

Free radicals

A

Unpaired electron, unstable, can lead to cancer, athristic

46
Q

carboxyl

A

carboxyl and amino

47
Q

explain the process of digestion from the mouth to digestion

A
48
Q

what is an isomer?

A

same chemical formula but different structure formula

49
Q

Explain a glyocosidic bond ?

A

l

50
Q

What is a quick releasing starch

A

amylopectin

51
Q

What are the functions of fibre

A
52
Q

what are bad fats

A

Transfat

53
Q

What are lipids for?

A

brain health, nervous system, eyes. Omega 3.

54
Q

Polyunsatured Fats

A

Bad fats, sunflower oil, rapeseed, oil, vegetables oils

Longer you expose to heat and light- makes free radicles

55
Q

why is omega 3 and 6 ?

A

its the the number of closer double bond is to the carbon chain
Is is essential because we cannot make it in our diet

56
Q

Trans fat why is bad ?

A

membranes not leaky
Hydrogen bonds on the opposite side of the double bonds
Can be stored longer, shelf life
Stiffen cell members

Can change to cis fats by heating over and over

57
Q

Why is omega 6 not so good ?

A

Causes inflammatory, prostaglandins

58
Q

what are the functions of EFAs

A

Digestion, heart, brain, nerve transmission, fluidity

59
Q

Polyunsaturated fats what is not good for?

A

prone to oxidation because of the double bonds. Lightly to be attack to free radicles and continues to cause

60
Q

Saturated fat

A

The best as no double bonds

61
Q

what is the benefit of using extra virgin

A

have more anti-oxidants

62
Q

VlDL

A

carry tricerides

63
Q

How are omega 3 ad 6 named ?

A

The closer double bond to the end of the chain

Chemistry and Biochemistry 1 (3 decks)

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