Biochemistry 2 Flashcards
essential amino acids
only found in the found
amino acid
has an nitrogen = amino and carboxly group have called functional group
functions of proteins-learn five
collagen, haemoglban, imume functons, cell memebranes
how does heat break a bond
due to kinetic energy, moves the bonds apart
heavy metal- damage proteins
metal chorella hel to remove heavy metal
DNA is made of nucelootide
it made up of four groups
pohaspahe, sugar , nitrogenous base
the neculotide base is different
A,G, C, T
bonds between the based pairs are called
hydrgen bonds
The bond between the phosphate and sugar
Covalent bond- very strong- back bone
dna
code for making proteins
the ribsome reads the copy of rna
3 at a time
mutation
a change to the nucleotide bases
A mutation
No protein or not quite correct.
E.g AAA GGG CCC delete AAG, GGC CC = mutation
chormosome ?
DNA is a condense form. The end of the chorosome is called telemeres.
What happens telomers get shorter
Aging, - stress- poor nutrient, lack of exercise=, negative thoughts
Gotu Kola
It cause it reduce telomeres shortness
mutation
the protein changes e,g sickle anaemia
enzymes
Proteins, you can control how much the gene have to opened and copied
the expression of genes can be also be influence by certain nutrients
enzymes are proteins- coded by DNA
B9 folate - active forem
Metylfolate - active form involed
The coversion can onlyhapen it has an enymes called homocysteine
enzymes
lowers the activation enzyme for a reaction to occur fast.
Speeds up reactions.
every enzyme is highly specific , what is unique for
Active site fits with a substrate
what is enzyme substrate complex
when the enzymes and substrate for together
what does the enzymes want to do ?
enzymes stress the bonds of the substrate and released - new products Break the substrate- a ( proteins)
enzymes cofactors
Increase the activity of enzymes. Can in inactive if you do not have the right cofactors.
They also help with the binding process
enzymes -substrate concentration
Example lion and cow example
Enzymes activation site , substrate therefore the rate flattens
what does eating do?
impair the digestion and absorption nutrient
you can supplement your own enzymes with plant enzymes
bromelain in pineapples- plant enzymes are less resistant to a larger range of PH levels
inflamation
Tumeric
Take with black pepper enhances the absorption of curcumin and oil for a carrier and absorption
statins - reduced the cholesterols but inhibits the CoQ10
less coQ10 less ATP
bromine
anti clotting and inflammatory
Serrapeptase- protease
is a proteolytic enzyme that has potent anti-inflammatory effects on the body
brad
dilated blood vessel
serrapeptase inhitinbing the release of bradykinin from inflamed tissue
It reduces swelling, improving microcirculation aiding healing
- cardon, hydgen, oxgen, nitrogen
- DNA - RNA -
- enymes is a protein that speeds up a reaction by lower the activation level
- interaction with polar and non polar. Petides bones- covalent and hydrogen bonds
- peptide
- plant enzymes can tolerate a wider PH rnage. Can only tolerate a certain PH range
- breaks the bonds an denatures
- 7
- Serrapeptase -inhibits bradkins- reduces swelling
B vitamins help with what
energy-
why is magnesium is important
Magnesium helps to bond to ATP
What is the importance of magnesium
phosphate to oxygen bonds- when it breaks it releases energy. energy is trapped inthe bonds and is released when it is broken.
why is molclue is curved ?
falicate energy relase
magnesium is a central component of chlorophyll
low energy, what is it a sign of?
A symptom of low magnesium
examples of protein
enzymes
hemoglobulin
insulin
hormone
NAD and FAD
carrier molecules that carry elections to conserve energy
NAD and FAD
Full of energy
NADH and FADH
Carrier molecule
glucose
get from food- bllod- cell- mitrochrondrian
You need 2 ATP
To break down the glucose- pyruvate. Broken down enzymes.
what is given out when the glucose is broken
4 ATP and 2 NADH
what happens if there is not enough oxgen
turns into lactic acid
anerobic respisration
it makes on two 2 ATP
glycolysis
it contains in the cytosol
the carrier molecules are made of magnesium and B2
bound into b5 to get into the mitrochoria
acetly- co A
you need o2 and B5 for purvate to enter
Acetly- CoA
only two carbon atoms, 2 NADH are relased
3rd stage = Kreb cycle
where Acey Co is modified by enzymes cycle of enzyme A- energy is released and trapped
made 2 ATP., 6 , NADH, 2 FADH2
stage 4
turn into ATP the trapped energy FDAHs and NADH dumps the electrons /energy into serious of 4 complexes which helps to make ATP
dropping off the electros into the complexes- passes into the complexes
to continue FADH and NADH
heavy metals can block enzymes
coQA are depleted by statin
- cofactor for complex 2
antioxidant
helps to slow down aging
adaptogen herbs
support mitochondrial functions
glucose rather than fat
glucose can get into the brain for energy
beta -oxidation
aratine helps push fatty acid into the mitrodoncrida
carnitine-dependent enzyme
helps to push the fatty acid into the mitochondria
what does beta oxidation need ?
b2, b3, sulphur
Summary quiz 1. energy carrier 2, magnesium 3. antiooxidant cofactor 10 4, Glycolysis 5. B5 and B3 6. On the cell mitchondrina matix 7. give the body the a break so that uses energy for healing.parinkson 8. , carintine 9. b3, b6 10., danelion
