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Chemistry and Biochemistry 1 > Biochemistry 2 > Flashcards

Biochemistry 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

essential amino acids

A

only found in the found

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2
Q

amino acid

A

has an nitrogen = amino and carboxly group have called functional group

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3
Q

functions of proteins-learn five

A

collagen, haemoglban, imume functons, cell memebranes

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4
Q

how does heat break a bond

A

due to kinetic energy, moves the bonds apart

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5
Q

heavy metal- damage proteins

A

metal chorella hel to remove heavy metal

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6
Q

DNA is made of nucelootide

A

it made up of four groups

pohaspahe, sugar , nitrogenous base

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7
Q

the neculotide base is different

A

A,G, C, T

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8
Q

bonds between the based pairs are called

A

hydrgen bonds

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9
Q

The bond between the phosphate and sugar

A

Covalent bond- very strong- back bone

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10
Q

dna

A

code for making proteins

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11
Q

the ribsome reads the copy of rna

A

3 at a time

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12
Q

mutation

A

a change to the nucleotide bases

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13
Q

A mutation

A

No protein or not quite correct.

E.g AAA GGG CCC delete AAG, GGC CC = mutation

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14
Q

chormosome ?

A

DNA is a condense form. The end of the chorosome is called telemeres.

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15
Q

What happens telomers get shorter

A

Aging, - stress- poor nutrient, lack of exercise=, negative thoughts

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16
Q

Gotu Kola

A

It cause it reduce telomeres shortness

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17
Q

mutation

A

the protein changes e,g sickle anaemia

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18
Q

enzymes

A

Proteins, you can control how much the gene have to opened and copied

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19
Q

the expression of genes can be also be influence by certain nutrients

A
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20
Q

enzymes are proteins- coded by DNA

A
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21
Q

B9 folate - active forem

A

Metylfolate - active form involed

The coversion can onlyhapen it has an enymes called homocysteine

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22
Q

enzymes

A

lowers the activation enzyme for a reaction to occur fast.

Speeds up reactions.

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23
Q

every enzyme is highly specific , what is unique for

A

Active site fits with a substrate

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24
Q

what is enzyme substrate complex

A

when the enzymes and substrate for together

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25
Q

what does the enzymes want to do ?

A

enzymes stress the bonds of the substrate and released - new products Break the substrate- a ( proteins)

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26
Q

enzymes cofactors

A

Increase the activity of enzymes. Can in inactive if you do not have the right cofactors.

They also help with the binding process

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27
Q

enzymes -substrate concentration

A

Example lion and cow example

Enzymes activation site , substrate therefore the rate flattens

28
Q

what does eating do?

A

impair the digestion and absorption nutrient

29
Q

you can supplement your own enzymes with plant enzymes

A

bromelain in pineapples- plant enzymes are less resistant to a larger range of PH levels

30
Q

inflamation

A
31
Q

Tumeric

A

Take with black pepper enhances the absorption of curcumin and oil for a carrier and absorption

32
Q

statins - reduced the cholesterols but inhibits the CoQ10

A

less coQ10 less ATP

33
Q

bromine

A

anti clotting and inflammatory

34
Q

Serrapeptase- protease

A

is a proteolytic enzyme that has potent anti-inflammatory effects on the body

35
Q

brad

A

dilated blood vessel
serrapeptase inhitinbing the release of bradykinin from inflamed tissue
It reduces swelling, improving microcirculation aiding healing

36
Q
  1. cardon, hydgen, oxgen, nitrogen
  2. DNA - RNA -
  3. enymes is a protein that speeds up a reaction by lower the activation level
  4. interaction with polar and non polar. Petides bones- covalent and hydrogen bonds
  6. peptide
  7. plant enzymes can tolerate a wider PH rnage. Can only tolerate a certain PH range
  8. breaks the bonds an denatures
  9. 7
  10. Serrapeptase -inhibits bradkins- reduces swelling
A
37
Q

B vitamins help with what

A

energy-

38
Q

why is magnesium is important

A

Magnesium helps to bond to ATP

39
Q

What is the importance of magnesium

A

phosphate to oxygen bonds- when it breaks it releases energy. energy is trapped inthe bonds and is released when it is broken.

40
Q

why is molclue is curved ?

A

falicate energy relase

41
Q

magnesium is a central component of chlorophyll

A
42
Q

low energy, what is it a sign of?

A

A symptom of low magnesium

43
Q

examples of protein

A

enzymes
hemoglobulin
insulin
hormone

44
Q

NAD and FAD

A

carrier molecules that carry elections to conserve energy

45
Q

NAD and FAD

A

Full of energy

46
Q

NADH and FADH

A

Carrier molecule

47
Q

glucose

A

get from food- bllod- cell- mitrochrondrian

48
Q

You need 2 ATP

A

To break down the glucose- pyruvate. Broken down enzymes.

49
Q

what is given out when the glucose is broken

A

4 ATP and 2 NADH

50
Q

what happens if there is not enough oxgen

A

turns into lactic acid

51
Q

anerobic respisration

A

it makes on two 2 ATP

52
Q

glycolysis

A

it contains in the cytosol

53
Q

the carrier molecules are made of magnesium and B2

A
54
Q
A

bound into b5 to get into the mitrochoria

55
Q

acetly- co A

A

you need o2 and B5 for purvate to enter

56
Q

Acetly- CoA

A

only two carbon atoms, 2 NADH are relased

57
Q

3rd stage = Kreb cycle

A

where Acey Co is modified by enzymes cycle of enzyme A- energy is released and trapped
made 2 ATP., 6 , NADH, 2 FADH2

58
Q

stage 4

A

turn into ATP the trapped energy FDAHs and NADH dumps the electrons /energy into serious of 4 complexes which helps to make ATP
dropping off the electros into the complexes- passes into the complexes

59
Q

to continue FADH and NADH

A
60
Q

heavy metals can block enzymes

A
61
Q

coQA are depleted by statin

A
  1. cofactor for complex 2
    antioxidant
    helps to slow down aging
62
Q

adaptogen herbs

A

support mitochondrial functions

63
Q

glucose rather than fat

A

glucose can get into the brain for energy

64
Q

beta -oxidation

A

aratine helps push fatty acid into the mitrodoncrida

65
Q

carnitine-dependent enzyme

A

helps to push the fatty acid into the mitochondria

66
Q

what does beta oxidation need ?

A

b2, b3, sulphur

67
Q 
Summary quiz
1. energy carrier
2, magnesium
3.  antiooxidant cofactor 10
4, Glycolysis
5. B5 and B3
6. On the cell mitchondrina matix
7. give the body the a break so that uses energy for healing.parinkson 
8. , carintine
9. b3, b6
10., danelion
A

Chemistry and Biochemistry 1 (3 decks)

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