Chemistry Flashcards
list 3 of the particles that make up an atom
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
What are the 3 particles charges of an atom
Protons-Positive
Neutrons- Neutral
Electrons- Negative
Using an example explain the difference between reactants and products in a chemical equation.
Hydrogen + Oxygen= Water
Reactants Product
State the Law of Conservation of Mass
In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants is the same as the total mass of the products. Also mass throughout a chemical reaction cannot be created or destroyed.
Is the mass of the reactants the same as the mass of the products in a chemical equation? Explain your answer.
The mass of the products is equal to the mass of the reactants because of the law of conservation of mass
What is an isotope? Give an example.
An isotope is an atom that has the same atomic number but a different atomic mass
E.g 12/6 C and 13/6 C. Carbon 13 has one more neutron than carbon 12
What is an exothermic reaction? Give an example.
Gives of heat
E.g Burning magnesium
What is the difference between an acid and a base? Give an example of each.
An acid contains a high amount of hydrogen ions.
E.g HCl and H2SO4
A base contains a large number of hydroxide ions
E.g NaOH and KoH
What is a Neutralisation reaction? Give an example.
Acid + base –> Salt and Water
HCl+ NaOH –> NaCl + H2O
What are the products of an acid/base reaction?
Products are always an ionic salt and water
What are valence electrons
The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom
How does an atom form an ion?
When an atom loses or gains an electron it forms an ion
What is the difference between a cation and an anion? Give an example of each.
Cantions are positive ions
E.g Na+
Anions are negative ions
E.g N3-, Cl-
What ions does Sodium form
Na+
What ions does Magnesium form
Mg2+
What ions does Aluminium form
Al3+
What ions does Fluorine form
F-
What ions does Argon form
Ar (no charge )
What ions does Sulfure form
S2-
What ions does Oxygen form
O2-
If calcium and chlorine join together, what is the chemical formula?
Calcium + chlorine –> Calcium Chloride
2Ca + O2 –> 2CaO
Write a balanced chemical equation for when magnesium burns in oxygen.
2Mg + O2 –> 2MgO
Why is this chemical formula incorrect Mg2N3? What should it be?
The 2 and the 3 should be swapped. The 2 is a positive and the 3 is a negative.
For the atomic symbol of gold 197/79 A, what do the 197 and 79 numbers represent?
197 is the Atomic mass and the 79 is the Atomic number
Give an example of a combustion reaction
The burning of magnesium or any other substance
What is an Endothermic reaction and give an example
Absorbs heat and an example if making an ice cube.
Describe the earliest model of the atom
The plum pudding model was devised by J.J Thomson and it showed negatively charged electrons embedded in a positively charged sphere.
How do you calculate the number of valence electrons?
the number of valence electrons is equal to its main group number, which is the element’s column on the periodic table.
If an element is in the last column of the periodic table, does it form an ion?
no because it’s part of the Nobel gasses group so they are unreactive
What is corrosion?
Where metals react with substances in their environment and are gradually destroyed
What substance do metals commonly react with during corrosion
oxygen
What is the atomic mass?
Number of protons and neutrons
What is the atomic number?
number of protons
What is an example of metal in an acid reaction
zinc + hydrochloric acid = zinc chloride and hydrogen gas.
what is the products of an acid/metal reaction?
a salt and hydrogen gas
