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Science > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

list 3 of the particles that make up an atom

A

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

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2
Q

What are the 3 particles charges of an atom

A

Protons-Positive
Neutrons- Neutral
Electrons- Negative

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3
Q

Using an example explain the difference between reactants and products in a chemical equation.

A

Hydrogen + Oxygen= Water

     Reactants            Product
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4
Q

State the Law of Conservation of Mass

A

In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants is the same as the total mass of the products. Also mass throughout a chemical reaction cannot be created or destroyed.

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5
Q

Is the mass of the reactants the same as the mass of the products in a chemical equation? Explain your answer.

A

The mass of the products is equal to the mass of the reactants because of the law of conservation of mass

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6
Q

What is an isotope? Give an example.

A

An isotope is an atom that has the same atomic number but a different atomic mass

E.g 12/6 C and 13/6 C. Carbon 13 has one more neutron than carbon 12

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7
Q

What is an exothermic reaction? Give an example.

A

Gives of heat

E.g Burning magnesium

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8
Q

What is the difference between an acid and a base? Give an example of each.

A

An acid contains a high amount of hydrogen ions.

E.g HCl and H2SO4

A base contains a large number of hydroxide ions

E.g NaOH and KoH

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9
Q

What is a Neutralisation reaction? Give an example.

A

Acid + base –> Salt and Water

HCl+ NaOH –> NaCl + H2O

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10
Q

What are the products of an acid/base reaction?

A

Products are always an ionic salt and water

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11
Q

What are valence electrons

A

The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom

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12
Q

How does an atom form an ion?

A

When an atom loses or gains an electron it forms an ion

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13
Q

What is the difference between a cation and an anion? Give an example of each.

A

Cantions are positive ions
E.g Na+

Anions are negative ions
E.g N3-, Cl-

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14
Q

What ions does Sodium form

A

Na+

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15
Q

What ions does Magnesium form

A

Mg2+

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16
Q

What ions does Aluminium form

A

Al3+

17
Q

What ions does Fluorine form

A

F-

18
Q

What ions does Argon form

A

Ar (no charge )

19
Q

What ions does Sulfure form

A

S2-

20
Q

What ions does Oxygen form

A

O2-

21
Q

If calcium and chlorine join together, what is the chemical formula?

A

Calcium + chlorine –> Calcium Chloride

2Ca + O2 –> 2CaO

22
Q

Write a balanced chemical equation for when magnesium burns in oxygen.

A

2Mg + O2 –> 2MgO

23
Q

Why is this chemical formula incorrect Mg2N3? What should it be?

A

The 2 and the 3 should be swapped. The 2 is a positive and the 3 is a negative.

24
Q

For the atomic symbol of gold 197/79 A, what do the 197 and 79 numbers represent?

A

197 is the Atomic mass and the 79 is the Atomic number

25
Q

Give an example of a combustion reaction

A

The burning of magnesium or any other substance

26
Q

What is an Endothermic reaction and give an example

A

Absorbs heat and an example if making an ice cube.

27
Q

Describe the earliest model of the atom

A

The plum pudding model was devised by J.J Thomson and it showed negatively charged electrons embedded in a positively charged sphere.

28
Q

How do you calculate the number of valence electrons?

A

the number of valence electrons is equal to its main group number, which is the element’s column on the periodic table.

29
Q

If an element is in the last column of the periodic table, does it form an ion?

A

no because it’s part of the Nobel gasses group so they are unreactive

30
Q

What is corrosion?

A

Where metals react with substances in their environment and are gradually destroyed

31
Q

What substance do metals commonly react with during corrosion

A

oxygen

32
Q

What is the atomic mass?

A

Number of protons and neutrons

33
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

number of protons

34
Q

What is an example of metal in an acid reaction

A

zinc + hydrochloric acid = zinc chloride and hydrogen gas.

35
Q

what is the products of an acid/metal reaction?

A

a salt and hydrogen gas

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