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BMAT > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Structure of an atom

A

An atom has a central nucleus. This is surrounded by electrons arranged in shells.

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2
Q

Electron

A

Negative charge and very small

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3
Q

Proton

A

Positive charge and same size as neutron

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4
Q

Neutron

A

Neural charge and same size as proton

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5
Q

Where is the majority of mass of an atom located?

A

Nucleus

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6
Q

Atomic Number

A

The number of protons (smaller number)

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7
Q

Mass number

A

The number of protons and neutrons (bigger number)

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8
Q

Isotope

A

Same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons

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9
Q

Concept of relative atomic mass

A

Weighted mean of masses of the atoms of isotopes.

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10
Q

Calculating Ar

A

Total mass of atoms/Total percentage

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11
Q

Where are periods?

A

Horizontal rows

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12
Q

Where are groups?

A

Vertical columns

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13
Q

How are elements ordered?

A

In order of increasing atomic number

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14
Q

Group 1

A

Alkali metals

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15
Q

Group 2

A

Alkaline earth metals

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16
Q

Group 16

A

Common non-metals

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17
Q

Group 17

A

Halogens

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18
Q

Group 18

A

Noble gases

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19
Q

Transition metal properties

A

Conduct electricity in solid and liquid states

Shiny when freshly cut

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20
Q

Transition metals compared to group 1 metals

A

Higher melting points
Higher density
Greater strength
Greater hardness

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21
Q

Electron configuration

A

Atomic number (protons)

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22
Q

What happens down a metal group?

A

Reactivity increases

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23
Q

What happens down a non-metal group?

A

Reactivity decreases

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24
Q

What do elements in the same group have in common?

A

Similar chemical properties

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25
Q

Can the nuclei be created or destroyed?

A

No

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26
Q

State symbol (S)

A

Solid

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27
Q

State symbol (L)

A

Liquid

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28
Q

State symbol (G)

A

Gas

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29
Q

State symbol (AQ)

A

Aqueous solution

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30
Q

What is an equilibrium?

A

A situation where forward and back reactions happen at the same rate, and the concentration of substances stay the same.

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31
Q

Factors that affect equilibrium

A

Concentration of reactants/products
Temperature
Overall pressure

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32
Q

How do you use Ar to work out Mr? Use CO2 as an example

A

Example CO2:
Ar of C = 12 | Ar of O = 16
12+16+16 = 44

Mr of CO2 = 44

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33
Q

What is Avogadro’s number?

A

The number of particles in one mole of a substance

34
Q

What value is Avogadro’s constant?

A

6.02 x 10^23

35
Q

What is one mole of a substance?

A

Ar or Mr in grams

36
Q

How to work out percentage composition?

A

Total Ar of element/Mr of compound

x100

37
Q

What is empirical formula?

A

Simplest integer ratio of atoms

38
Q

Conditions for ideal gas

A

One mole of gas occupies a set volume at a given temperature or pressure. (24dm^3)

39
Q

What is concentration measured in?

A

mol dm ^-3 or g dm^-3

40
Q

Saturated Solution

A

A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute taht is capable of being dissolved.

41
Q

Titration calulations

A

Watch youtube video

42
Q

Percentage yield

A 
Actual yield(g)/Predicted yield(g) 
                    X100
43
Q

Oxidation

A

Gain of oxygen

44
Q

Reduction

A

Removal of oxygen

45
Q

Oxidation in terms of electron

A

Gain of electrons

46
Q

Reduction in terms of electron

A

Removal of electrons

47
Q

How to identify oxidation only?

A

//

48
Q

How to identify reduction only?

A

//

49
Q

How to identify a redox (both oxidation and reduction) ?

A

//

50
Q

How to identify a non-oxidation/reduction?

A

//

51
Q

Oxidising agent

A

Normally non-metal or positive ion

52
Q

Reducing agent

A

Normally metal or negative ion

53
Q

Element

A

A substance that only has one type of atom and it cannot be broken down into anything simpler

54
Q

Compound

A

A substance made up of 2 or more elements chemically bonded

55
Q

Mixture

A

Consists of 2 or more substances, not chemically bonded

56
Q

What do atoms often react to form?

A

Compounds that have an election configuration of a noble gas (group 18)

57
Q

Ionic bonding

A

Metals and non-metals reacting leading to electrons going from metals to non-metals.

58
Q

Anion

A

Gains electrons and becomes negatively charged

59
Q

Cation

A

Loses electrons and becomes positively charged

60
Q

NH4+

A

Ammonium

61
Q

Ca2+

A

Calcium

62
Q

Na+

A

Sodium

63
Q

Pb2+

A

Lead

64
Q

OH-

A

Hydroxide

65
Q

NO3-

A

Nitrate

66
Q

CO3^2-

A

Carbonate

67
Q

SO4^2-

A

Sulfate

68
Q

What do roman numerals after an element suggest?

A

When an element has more than 1 oxidation state, the roman numerals denote which is present e.g. iron (lll)

69
Q

Physical properties of Ionic compounds

A

High boiling and melting points
Solid at room temp
Cannot conduct electricity in solid state
Can conduct in molten or in solution state
Strong electrostatic forces
Hard and brittle

70
Q

Covalent bonding

A

Bonding between 2 non-metals (sharing of electrons)

71
Q

Covalent molecules can be…

A

Small molecules or giant structures

72
Q

Small covalent molecules

A

Water (H20)
Ammonia (NH3)
Methane (CH4)

73
Q

Giant covalent structures

A

Diamond (C)
Graphite (C)
Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

74
Q

Physical properties of small covalent molecules

A

Low melting and boiling points
Does not conduct electricity
(Strong covalent bonds, weak intermolecular forces)

75
Q

Physical properties of giant covalent properties

A

Very high melting points

Variable electricity conductivity (Diamond doesn’t, graphite does and silicon is midway)

76
Q

Metallic bonding

A

The strong electrostatic force of attraction between metal ions

77
Q

What do solid metals exist as?

A

Solid metals exist as a giant structure of positively charged ions surrounded by delocalised electrons.

78
Q

Physical properties of metals

A 
Shiny
High melting and boiling points
Good conductor of heat and electricity
High density
Malleable and ductile
79
Q

Where are intermolecular forces and how do you overcome them?

A

They exist between molecules and must be overcome in melting and boiling.

80
Q

Physical and chemical properties of alkali metals (group 1)

A

Physical - soft (can be cut with a knife) and low melting points
Chemical -

BMAT (3 decks)

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