Chemistry Flashcards
Properties of ionic compouds
They form crystals
They have high melting points and high boiling points
They have higher enthalpies of fusion and vaporization than molecular compounds
They’re hard and brittle
They conduct electricity when they are dissolved in water
They’re good insulators
Processes that support the particulate nature of matter
osmosis, diffusion, brownian motion
Charge and mass of a neutron
Charge (0), Mass (1)
Charge and mass of a proton
Charge (+1), Mass (1)
Why is sulfuric acid stronger than ethanoic acid in aqueous solution
because of its lower degree of ionization
What is the boiling point of NaCl
1465
Isotopes of an element contain
the same number of protons and electrons
What is endothermic change?
if heat is absorbed by the system from the surroundings
What is element X’s position on the periodic table if it’s electronic configuration is 2.8.1
Period 3 Group 1
What is an addition reaction?
a class of chemical reactions in which an atom or group of atoms is added to a molecule
What is a substitution reaction?
of a class of chemical reactions in which an atom, ion, or group of atoms or ions in a molecule is replaced by another atom, ion, or group
What is an addition polmerization reaction?
reaction adds new monomer units to the growing polymer molecule one at a time through double or triple bonds in the monomer
What is a condensation polmerization reaction?
a form of step-growth polymerization in which monomers and/or oligomers react with each other to form larger structural units while releasing smaller molecules as a byproduct such as water or methanol
The correct order increasing particle size of mixtures
solutions, colloids, suspensions
In simple terms what is an acid?
a proton donor
What does an ionic bond formation result from?
the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound
What mass of oxygen atoms contains the same number of moles as 112g of sulfer atoms?
56.00g
Ethanoic acid reacts with reacts with ethanol to produce an ester and water. How many moles of ethanoic acid are required to produce 0.5 moles of ester?
0.5
Which substance can a sloid be obtained by the process of sedimentation?
Suspensions
Which halogen is liquid at room temp.?
Bromine
A piece of metal reacted with an acid to produce hydrogen gas. Describe the steps that should be employed to increase the rate of reaction?
Increasing temp and subdividing the piece of metal
Which property increases across period 3 in the periodic table?
Atomic number
Which substances do NOT produce water when reacted with acid?
Active metals
A piece of calcium was added to some distilled water, bubbles of gases formed and it appeared cloudy. The gas is expected to..
give a pop with a lighted splint
What is an acid salt?
a salt formed by incomplete replacement of the hydrogen of an acid
Sodium hydrogen carbonate and hydrochloric acid reacted to produce sodium chloride. The mixture effervessed was caused by
Carbon dioxide
What is the formula of ammonium carbonate?
(NH4)2(CO3)2
What product would be produced by the electrolysis of dilute sulfuric acid/
Cathode (H2), Anode (O2)
Magnesium oxide is
basic
When a metal atom becomes an ion
it loses electrons and is oxidised
An alloy is
a mixture of metals
What method is used for the extraction of aluminum?
electrolysis of its molten oxide
Explain why aluminum products do NOT deteriorate in the air as iron products overtime
both metals form oxide coats but aluminum oxide prevents further reaction when iron oxide doesn’t
FeCO3 –> FeO –> Fe2(SO2)4 –> Fe(OH)3. What is a suitable reagent to use at stage 4?
Aqueous sodium hydroxide
What element is an important constituent in chlorophyll.
Magnesium
The existence of millions or organic compounds is due primarily to the ability of carbon to form
multiple bonds, ring structures, branched chains
Copper and Aluminum are both good conductors of electricity, but aluminum is preferred because
it is lighter and resistant to corrosion
What aqueous solution will produce a yellow perciptate with aqueous potassium iodide?
Lead nitrate
What is observed when EXCESS aqueous ammonium is added to a solution of copper (II) sulfate?
deep blue solution
What is the formula for hexane?
C6H14
What is an isomer?
each of two or more compounds with the same formula but a different arrangement of atoms in the molecule and different properties
Which reaction involves the boiling of a fat or oil with aqueous sodium sodium hydroxide?
Saponification
What is true of both alkenes and alkanes?
they burn in the air to give CO2 and water, alkenes go under addition reactions while alkanes go under substitution reactions, alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons and alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons
A solution has a pH of 1 . The solution would be expected to react with
zinc metal to produce hydrogen
What compound would will react with ethanoic acid acid to form an ester?
CH3CH2OH
What is the equation to represent the fermentation of sugars, using glucose as the substrate
C6H12O6 –> 2C2H2OH + 2CO2
Why is ethane described to be unsaturated?
molecule contains at least one double bond
ALL members of the homologous series have similar
chemical properties
What is a natural source of hydrocarbons?
Petroleum
What hydrocarbon is a MAJOR constituent of natural gas?
Methane
An atom has 20 electrons and when it ionizes it has the same electronic configuration as
Argon
What elements do NOT form simple ions by gaining or losing electrons?
Carbon
What is the balanced equation for the reaction between aqueous silver nitrate and aqueous sodium chloride
AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) —-> AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
What acid will not form an acid sat?
CH3CO2O
What oxide may show acidic and basic prperties?
aluminum oxide
Copper (II) Oxide and Copper (II) Sulfate can be separated by
shaking with excess water and then filtering
Element that exhibits allotropy
Carbon
What is TRUE about of an endothermic reaction?
heat is absorbed from the surroundings
Which of the following substances will electrolysis NOT occur when an electrical is passed through it:
sodium hydroxide solution, molten sodium chloride, solid sodium chloride or dilute sulfuric acid
Solid sodium chloride
Which are physical properties of ionic substances
- high melting point
- soluble in organic substances
- Good conductors of electricity in liquid state
high melting point, soluble in organic substances
What substance, when added to pure water SIGNIFICANTLY increases in water conductivity?
Sodium Chloride
A separating funnel can be used to separate
Water and Kerosine
The pH of sugar can juice is more efficient when
adding slaked lime
Acid salts…
form a normal salt when all replaceable hydrogen of the acid is removed, anions can dissociate to give hydrogen ions
What procedures increase the rate of reaction
increasing temp., subdividing the lump of metal
Atomic number of an element is defined as the number of
protons
What is TRUE about the eqn.
Mg(s) + H2SO4(aq) —-> MgSO4(aq) + H2(g)
Mg is oxidized from 0 to +2
Element used to determine relative atomic mass of another element is
carbon-12
27
13 X
This element has how many protons/neutrons
13 protons, 14 neutrons
Molecular formular of an alcohol whose boiling point is 180.
CH3(CH2)6OH
What is the name of the compound CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
1-butanol
Organic acid + alcohol —> ester + water
- This reaction is a
- And the reverse reaction is
- esterification
2. hydrolysis
What is ‘cracking’
large alkane molecules into smaller alkene and alkane molecules
RCOOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) —> RCOONa(aq) + H2O(l)
This reaction is a…
nuetralization
An organic substance that decolourizes bromine water immediately is…
alkene
The structure of NaCl
Ionic crystal
The structure of copper
Metallic
Test to identify an acid gas
damp blue litmus where blue turns red
Test to identify ammonium gas
damp red litmus where red turns blue
Which conversion represents the dehydration of ethanol
CH3CH2OH —> C2H4
Glucose is converted to starch by
condesation polymerization
Compounds in a homologous series differ
successively by a CH2 group
Ethen reacts with hydrogen, chlorine and hydrogen chloride, these reactions are examples of
addition
Name a few polymers
nylon, protein, cellulose
What is true of sulfer
- It is used in the vulcanization of rubber
- used in the extraction of iron from it’s ore
- used in manufacture of explosives
It is used in the vulcanization of rubber, used in manufacture of explosives
Soapless detergents are
not affected by hard water
A solution treated with sulfer dioxide gas becomes green, it contains…
potassium dichromate
A suitable drying agent for the prep. of ammonia gas is
CO2
Copper (II) Carb. heated in a test tube, produced a gas expected to…
form a white percipitate with aqueous calcium hydroxide
An element that is a non metal froms
acidic oxide
Observation when EXCESS aqueous ammonia is added to a solution of copper (II) sulfate.
deep blue solution
Which metals reacts vigorously with water to produce a strong alkaline solution
Na
Which metal has an alloy used to manufacture aircrafts
Al
MAIN substances responsible for acid rain
Sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide
Observation when aqueous silver nitrate is added to potassium chloride
white precipitate appears
When element is important in heamoglobin?
Iron
Which gas gives a positive test with dry cobalt chloride paper?
H2
