Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Basic Science > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

acidic solution

A

a solution that contains more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

activation energy

A

energy that must be added to start a chemical reaction; the smallest amount of energy needed to convert a stable, normal molecule into a reactive molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

anion

A

atom or group of atoms with a negative electrical charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

atomic mass

A

sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Avogadro’s number

A

number of particles in a mole: 6.02 x 10(23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

basic solution

A

a solution that contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

catalyst

A

substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction and therefore speeds up the resulting rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cation

A

atom or group of atoms with a positive electrical charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

chemical reaction

A

process by which atoms of substances become rearranged to form new substances
Equation:
Reactant A + Reactant B = Product C + Product D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

colligative properties

A

characteristics of a solution that are a function of concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

covalent bond

A

the chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

decomposition reaction

A

a reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more elements or compounds
AB = A + B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

double-displacement reaction

A

a reaction in which two different ionic compounds exchange ions
AB + CD = AD + CB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

electron

A

negatively charged particle in motion surrounding the nucleus of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

endothermic

A

reaction or process that requires energy and usually feels cold to the touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

energy flow

A

the release of stored energy through chemical changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

exothermic

A

process or reaction that releases energy and usually produces heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

extensive properties (extrinsic)

A

properties that depend on the amount of matter present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

group

A

column on the periodic table of elements with common outer shell configurations and characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

heterogeneous mixture

A

mixture in which substances that retain their distinct characteristics and do not blend completely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

homogeneous mixtures

A

mixture in which two or more distinct substances have a constant composition within a sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

intensive property (intrinsic)

A

characteristic of a substance that is independent of the amount of material present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

ion

A

atom with an unbalanced number of positive and negative charges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
ionic bond
chemical bond formed by transfer of one or more electrons between atoms
26
isotope
form of an element with differing numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons
27
mass number
the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons
28
molar mass
mass of one mole of a pure substance
29
mole
a convenient measure that identifies the number of particles, 6.02 x 10(23), and is equal t the number of grams of a substance from the atomic mass on the periodic table
30
neutralization
a reaction between a base and an acid that produces a neutral (ph = 7) solution when acids and bases react together to form salt and water Equation:double displacement between and acid(HX) and base(YOH) HX + YOH = YX + HOH(H2O)
31
nonpolar
substance that has an equal distribution of electrons between atoms or symmetrical shape so that no part of the molecule is more positive or negative
32
nuclear reaction
change that affects the nucleus of an atom
33
periodic table
chart that organizes the elements based on their properties
34
phase diagram
a graph showing the state, or phase, of a substance at any combination of temperature and pressure
35
polar
molecular structure having one or more poles that attract opposites to each other, as in phospholids, where the polar heads arrange themselves opposite each other to create an oily membrane interior; substance that has an unequal distribution of electrons between atoms
36
polyatomic ion
group of charged covalently bonded atoms
37
polymer
large molecule formed by combining smaller molecular units in a repeating pattern
38
precipitation
Earth Science: water falling to Earth in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail; Chemistry: separating a substance from a solution as a solid
39
radioactive decay
the process in which atoms of one element within the rock break down to forms elements of another element
40
radioactivity
process by which an atom spontaneously releases particles or energy from its nucleus
41
reversible reaction
a reaction in which products become reactants, and the reaction is endothermic
42
saturated
a solution that has all the solute dissolved that can be physically dissolved in that solution; for electrons, saturation occurs when one electron is shared per atom as apposed to two electrons shared with two atoms (a double bond) therefore there are only single bonds present in the hydrocarbons
43
single-displacement reaction
a reaction in which the atoms of one element replace the atoms of another element in a compound AB + C = A + BC
44
solubility
maximum amount of a substance that will dissolve in a particular solvent at a given temperature and pressure
45
solute
substance added to a solvent to produce a solution
46
solution
combination of solute and solvent that are equally dispersed
47
solvent
substance that dissolves the solute in a solution
48
supersaturated
unstable solution which under the right trigger will precipitate a solid
49
synthesis reaction
a reaction in which two or more reactants combine to form a single product; also called a composition reaction A + B = C
50
unsaturated solution
solution containing less solute than the solubility under given conditions
51
valence electron
electrons that have the highest energy level, are held most furthest away from, and less tightly to the nucleus
52
matter
the material substances that make up the entire Universe
53
mass
the measure of the amount of matter within an object; an extrinsic property
54
element
pure substance made up of only one type of atom
55
compound
two or more elements chemically bonded together to form a new substance with new properties
56
molecule
two or more atoms covalently bonded into a single unit
57
nucleus
the cell part containing DNA and RNA; responsible for growth and reproduction; the positively-charged, dense center of an atom
58
metallic bond
form between metal atoms
59
chemical property
characteristic of a substance that can be observed when it undergoes a chemical reaction
60
d orbital
electron configuration found first in period 3 which is common to all transition elements
61
electron cloud
area outside the nucleus of an atom that contains electrons in motion
62
electron configuration
area for finding the electron of an atom with high probability as described by a mathematical equation
63
f orbital
electron configuration found first in period 4 which is common to all lanthanide and actinide elements
64
mixture
a combination of two or more substances that retain their individual properties; the composition of a mixture can vary from sample to sample
65
neutron
neutrally charged particle that has a mass equal to a proton and is found in the nucleus of an atom; 1/1840 the mass of a proton
66
p orbital
electron configuration which first shows up in period 2 and is common to all elements in groups 13-18
67
physical property
characteristic, such as color, odor, or density, and can be determined without reacting the substance to observe it
68
proton
positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
69
s orbital
electron configuration common to all elements in groups 1 and 2
70
subatomic particle
electron, proton or neutron
71
substance
matter that has a uniform composition
72
metallic bond
form between metal atoms
73
boiling point elevation
due to dissolved particles, the temperature at which a solution boils is higher than if it were only the solvent
74
freezing point depression
due to dissolved particles, the temperature at which a solution
75
concentration
amount of one substance per unit of mixture
76
metal
lustrous ductile solid elements that conduct heat and electricity found mostly on the lefthand side of the periodic table
77
molar volume
22.4 liters of a gas at standard temperature and pressure
78
number of molecules
later the mole was named Avogadro's number based on his
79
period
horizontal row on the periodic table with a common number of energy levels
80
polar molecule
molecule in which electrons are not shared equally be atoms, resulting in electrical asymmetry
81
combustion reaction
A combustion reaction is a type of redox reaction in which a combustible material combines with an oxidizer to form oxidized products and generate heat (exothermic reaction). Usually in a combustion reaction oxygen combines with another compound to form carbon dioxide and water. An example of a combustion reaction is the burning of naphthalene: C10H8 + 12 O2 → 10 CO2 + 4 H2O
82
acid
a substance that forms hydrogen ions in aqueous solution | pH- smaller than 7; larger [H3O+] than water (neutral: pH=7; [H3O+]=1.0 x 10(-7))
83
base
a substance that forms hydroxide ions in aqueous solution pH- larger than 7; smaller [H3O+] than water (neutral: pH=7; [H3O+]=1.0 x 10(-7))

Basic Science (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions