chemistry Flashcards
heating + freezizng
sterilization, kills microorganisms
salting
preserving by drying out water and bacteria
fermentation
preserve food and keep vitamins
metallurgy
science of producing and using metals
aristotle
matter is made up of earth, water, fire and air
democritus
matter is made up of tiny particles
alchemy
combination of science + magic, cheap metal into gold
antonie lavoisier
law of conservation of mass
boyle
gasses are made up of tiny particles
john dalton
atoms are the smallest particles , indivisible
jj thomson
atoms made of smaller, particles, raisin bun theory
ernest rutherford
discovered nucleolus, very dense and positive charge
neils bohr
electrons occupy the whole space all at once, at different energy levels
atom
smallest possible part of an element, that also will still hold that element properties
molecule
group of non-metallic atoms bound together to covalent
ION
an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss of gain of one or more electrons
cation
positively charged ION, formed when a metal has lost an electron
anion
negatively charged ion
element
pure substances that cannot be broken down into other substances
atomic number
the # of protons and electrons for an atom
isotope
different versions of the same atom, different # of neutrons
mass number=
protons + neutrons
atomic number =
the number of electrons
matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
energy levels
region of space near an atoms nucleus that may be empty or may contain electrons
mass number
integer equal to the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
molar mass
the mass of one mole of a substance
periods
horizontal rows, there are seven periods in total
groups/families
vertical rows
alkali metal
very reactive metals, that do NOT occur freely in nature
alkaline earth metals
very reactive elements, NOT found freely in nature
transition metals
ductile and malleable also conduct heat and electricity, 78
other metals
different properties than the transition elements, all are solids
metalliods
properties of both metals and non metals
non metals
not able to conduct electricity or heat, very brittle
halogens
solids/liquids/gases, salt former
Nobel gases
very stable elements, colorless and odorless
valence
outer energy level electrons
ionic compound
an ionic bond forms between the cation and anion
univalent
only one “choice” of cation change
non metals charges are
anion
metals charges are
cation
multivalent cations
cations that have 2 or more ionic charge “choices”
polyatomic ion
group of atoms that make a charge most polyatomic ions are anions
one atom
mono
two atoms
di
three atoms
tri
four atoms
tetra
five atoms
penta
six atoms
hexa
seven atoms
hepta
eight atoms
octa
nine atoms
hona
ten atoms
deca
