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science 10 > biology unit 2 > Flashcards

biology unit 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

organization of life

A

atom–>molecule–>organelle–>cell–>tissue–>organ–>system–>organism

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2
Q

cell membrane

A

contains the cell, protects it from bad things outside but allows some things to travel in and out
double layer thick

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3
Q

nucleus

A

like the brain of the cell, controls eating, movement and reproduction

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4
Q

cytoplasm

A

suspends the organelles inside the cell, contains rich nutrients

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5
Q

choloroplasts

A

food producers, work to convert light energy into sugars (site of photosynthesis)

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6
Q

vacuole

A

stores food and nutrients for the cell, along with it’s waste to protect the rest of the cell from contamination

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7
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

functions as a manufacturing and packaging system, circulates nutrients throughout the cell

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8
Q

ribosome

A

site of protein synthesis

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9
Q

lysosomes

A

digest food for the cell to break down, and break down when the cell dies

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10
Q

golgi apparatus

A

receive modify and transport products around the cell

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11
Q

mitochondrion

A

takes in nutrients, breaks them down and creates energy rich molecules sugar —> energy

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12
Q

centrioles

A

there to help the cell when it needs to divide and reproduce

pulls apart chromosomes

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13
Q

not charged molecules

A

diffuse easily through the membrane, good because we need a lot of oxygen (oxygen and CO2)

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14
Q

charged molecules

A

pass more slowly through aquaporins (water and ethanol)

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15
Q

membrane carbohydrates

A

determines the cell, is a marker

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16
Q

highly charged molecules

A

cant pass through, and always need to go through special transport

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17
Q

selectively permeable

A

allowing some things through the membrane and certain things don’t get to go through

18
Q

open system

A

that exchanges both matter and energy with its sourroundings

19
Q

closed system

A

a system that cannot transfer matter to its energy, but can transfer energy

20
Q

solute

A

a substance that is dissolved in a solution

21
Q

solvent

A

substance that dissolves one or more solutes in a solution

22
Q

solution

A

mixture in which separates components are not visible

23
Q

diffusion

A

spontaneous movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

24
Q

osmosis

A

a special kind of diffusion that involves only water

25
Q

concentration gradient

A

different levels of concentration, difference in height

26
Q

homeostasis

A

state of balance, state of perfectness-what nature always wants

27
Q

passive transport

A

movement from high concentration to low concentration NO ENERGY NEEDED-with the concentration gradient

28
Q

protein pumps

A

use a source of free energy such as ATP or light to drive the thermodynamically uphill transport or IONS or molecules

29
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

diffusion of molecules across a membrane with the help of carrier proteins

30
Q

active transport

A

movement of molecules across a membrane against the concentration gradient, requires energy (ATP)

31
Q

isotonic

A

describing a solution that has the same solute concentration as another solution

32
Q

ATP

A

is a source of energy from the mitochondria as it turns sugar into energy (adenosine triphosphate)

33
Q

endocytosis

A

process of a vacuole engulfing a molecule that is too big to fit through the membrane

34
Q

exocytosis

A

vesicle inside the cell that moves to the membrane fuses with it, and releases the particles from the cell

35
Q

bulk transport

A

many particles came in and out at the same time

36
Q

types of passive transport

A

regular diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

37
Q

types of active transport

A

protein pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis

38
Q

hypotonic

A

less solute- more water or dissolving - more is going out

39
Q

hypertonic

A

more solute - less water or dissolvent - more is going in

40
Q

water moves ..

A

from highly concentrated (hypotonic) environment to hypertonic (low concentration) environment

41
Q

life processes necessary for organisms to survive

A

release of waste, gas exchange and food source

42
Q

particle theory

A
  • all things are made up of particles big and small
  • particles are constantly moving
  • particles are at tracked to each other
  • particles have spaces between them (smallest solids largest gases)

science 10 (4 decks)

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