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Chemistry > Chemistry 1 - Atoms, bonding and moles (C1 - C4) > Flashcards

Chemistry 1 - Atoms, bonding and moles (C1 - C4) Flashcards

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1
Q

Which sub atomic particle has a positive charge?

A

Proton

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2
Q

Which sub atomic particle has a negative charge?

A

Electron

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3
Q

Which sub atomic particle has neutral charge?

A

Neutron

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4
Q

Which sub atomic particle has a mass too small to be relevant?

A

Electron

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5
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons, therefore the number of electrons

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6
Q

What is the relative atomic mass?

A

The total number of protons and neutrons.

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7
Q

What is the charge of an atom? Why?

A

No charge because they have an equal number of protons and electrons.

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8
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom that has lost or gained electrons, giving it a negative or positive charge.

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9
Q

What is an isotope? How does it differ from a normal atom?

A

Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons. They have identical chemical properties but their physical properties like density can differ.

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10
Q

How many electrons go in the first shell?

A

2

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11
Q

How many electrons go in the subsequent shells to the first?

A

8

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12
Q

What does the group number represent?

A

The number of electrons in the outer most shell.

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13
Q

Which type of element usually loses electrons?

A

Metals

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14
Q

Which type of element usually gains electrons?

A

Non-metals.

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15
Q

Why are the Group 0 noble gases very unreactive?

A

Because they have full outer shells.

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16
Q

What are the elements in group 1 called?

A

Alkali metals

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17
Q

What happens to the alkali metal’s melting and boiling points going down the group?

A

They decrease.

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18
Q

What happens to the alkali metal’s reactivity going down the group?

A

It increases

19
Q

What do alkali metals form in reactions?

A

1+ ions to make ionic compounds. These are generally white and dissolve in water, giving colourless solutions.

20
Q

What happens when the alkali metals react with water?

A

They all react with water to produce hydrogen and an alkaline solution containing the metal hydroxide.

21
Q

What are the elements in group 7 called?

A

The Halogens

22
Q

What do halogens form?

A

They form ions with a single negative charge in their ionic compounds with metals.

23
Q

How do Halogens form covalent compounds?

A

By sharing electrons with other non metals.

24
Q

What happens to the reactivity of the Halogens going down the group?

A

They decrease.

25
Q

What are the elements in the middle section of the periodic table called?

A

The transition elements.

26
Q

What are transition elements used as?

A

Important industrial catalysts.

27
Q

How does ionic bonding work?

A

The atoms involved lose or gain electrons to form charged particles called ions.

28
Q

How are ionic compounds held together?

A

Strong forces of attraction between their oppositely charged ions.

29
Q

What state are all ionic compounds at room temperature?

A

Solid

30
Q

How does covalent bonding work?

A

Covalent bonds are formed when atoms of non-metals share pairs of electrons with each other.

31
Q

Why are the melting and boiling points of substances with simpler molecules lower?

A

Because the inter-molecular forces are weak.

32
Q

How do you find the mole number of a compound?

A

Moles = mass / relative formula mass
or
n = m / Mr

33
Q

How do you find the relative formula mass of a compound?

A

Add up the relative molecular mass of all the elements in it.

34
Q

What is the Avogadro constant?

A

6.02 x 10(to the 23)

35
Q

What is the yield of a chemical reaction?

A

How much product is made.

36
Q

What is the percentage yield of a chemical reaction?

A

How much product is made compared with the maximum amount that could be made (100%)

37
Q

What is Atom Economy?

A

A measure of the amount of starting materials that end up as useful products.

38
Q

What is the equation for Atom Economy?

A

% Atom economy = Mr of the desired product from equation / Sum of the Mr of the reactant from equation x 100%

39
Q

What is the equation for concentration?

A

Concentration (g/dm cubed) = amount of solute (g) / volume of solution (dm cubed)

40
Q

How do you convert cm into dm?

A

x 1000

41
Q

What is TItration?

A

A method used to measure accurately what volumes of acid and alkali react together completely

42
Q

What are the 7 stages of Titratrions? (Write on paper then check answer)

A
  1. Measure an alkali into a conical flask with volumetric pipette. Wash the pipette with distilled first.
  2. Add a few drops of acid/base indicator into the solution in the conical flask and swirl.
  3. Rinse the burette with water and then with some of the acid allowing some acid to pass through the tap. Then pour the acid you are going to use into the burette. Measure volumes of the solution to the nearest 0.05 cm cubed.
  4. Record the reading on the burette. Then open the tap to release a small amount of acid into the flask. Swirl the flask to make sure that the two solutions are mixed.
  5. Keep on repeating step 4 until the indicator in the flask changes colour. This shows when the alkali in the flask has completely reacted with the acid added from the burette. Record the reading on the burette and work out the volume of acid that has run into the flask. This volume is a titre.
  6. Repeat the whole process three times. Discard any anomalous results. Alternatively, keep repeating the titration until you get two results within 0.1 cm cubed of each other. These precise results are concordant. Then calculate a mean value to give the most accurate results as possible.
  7. Now you can use your results to calculate the concentration of the alkali in mol/dm cubed.
43
Q

What is the equation to find the number of moles of gas?

A

Moles of gas = vol of gas(dm cubed) / 24dm cubed

44
Q

What indicator can be used in a titration?

A 
Methyl Orange (Yellow to red)
Phenolphthalein (Pink to colourless)

Chemistry (19 decks)

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