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Module 3 Embalming (practice of embalming) > Chemicals Used in Embalming > Flashcards

Chemicals Used in Embalming Flashcards

1
Q

_______________ when working with embalming fluids.

A

Wear protection

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2
Q

If fluids are splashed or spilled on the skin, flush these with ___________________

A

cold running water

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3
Q

When using chemicals, make sure ___________ systems are in operation.

A

ventilation

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4
Q

Dilute any spillage with ____________ and clean up the spill.

A

cool water

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5
Q

DO NOT USE _______________ chemicals as antiseptic.

A

formaldehyde-based

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6
Q

Keep _______________ available as well as chemical manufacturer’s first aid information.

A

chemical data sheets

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7
Q

Be certain empty bottles that are to be destroyed have been _______________.

A

**flushed out with water

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8
Q

Keep machine tanks and fluid bottles __________________ at all times to help reduce fumes and prevent accidental spills.

A

covered and capped

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9
Q

Make sure formaldehyde is remove as much as possible before working with disinfectants such as ______________

A

sodium hypochlorite

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10
Q

Pour _____________ into a filled jug or tank rather than filling after fluid is in the tank

A

embalming fluid

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11
Q

What is the usage of formalin?

A
  • Preservative
  • Bactericide
  • Disinfectant
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12
Q

What is the saturated aqueous solution of formaldehyde gas?

A

Formalin

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13
Q

Formalin by volume and weight

A

40% formaldehyde by volume
37% by weight

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14
Q

Formalin by volume and weight

A

40% formaldehyde by volume
37% by weight

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15
Q

What is the colorless gas with a pungent, penetrating odor?

A

Formaldehyde

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16
Q

What is the solid form of formaldehyde?

A

Paraformaldehyde

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17
Q

How many minutes should you wash in free flowing tap water the skin that had a direct contact with formalin?

A

15 minutes

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18
Q

Go out of the embalming room when inhalation is excessive and stay in a ________________.

A

well-ventilated room (open area)

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19
Q

Formalin is composed of _______________

A
  • 40% formaldehyde by volume
  • 50% water
  • 10% methanol
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20
Q

Formalin is acidic due to the presence of ______________

A

formic acid

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21
Q

Paraformaldehyde powder is used in __________________

A

surface embalming

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22
Q

Formaldehyde may be a ___________ and is a respiratory and skin sensitizer.

A

carcinogen

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23
Q

First aid treatment: Formalin

A
  1. Wash with free flowing tap water for at least 15 minutes
  2. When inhalation is excessive go to well-ventilated area
  3. Flush eyes with free-flowing tap water for at least 15 minutes
  4. Drink large amount of water
  5. Call National Poison Control
  6. Go to nearest hospital
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24
Q

Phenol is also known as ____________

A

Hydroxybenzene

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25
Q

Originally obtained by distillation of coal tar but now synthesized from other hydrocarbons.

A

Phenol (hydroxybenzene)

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26
Q

In it’s pure form, __________ is odorless, interlaced, needle shaped crystal, sometimes acquiring pinkish tint.

A

Phenol (hydroxybenzene)

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27
Q

Phenol has __________, and readily absorbs water from moist air.

A

aromatic odor

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28
Q

Phenol (hydroxybenzene) is soluble in:

A
  • Water
  • Alcohol
  • Glycerin
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29
Q

What’s the taste of phenol?

A
  • sweetish and afterward burning
  • benumbing caustic taste
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30
Q

Where does phenol originates?

A
  • by distillation of coal tar
  • NOW synthesized from other hydrocarbons
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31
Q

True or False:
Phenol is strongly poisonous and irritating in high concentrations.

A

True

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32
Q

Usage of Phenol (hydroxybenzene):

A
  • Germicidal/Bactericidal
  • Disinfectant
  • Preservative
  • Bleaching and drying agent
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33
Q

Phenol may cause skin cancer.
Phenol is _____________

A

mutagenic

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34
Q

Phenol can cause inflame or burn eyes or can cause ______________

A

cornea scarring

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35
Q

First aid treatment of Phenol:

A
  1. Wash with free-flowing tap water
  2. Go out, and stay well-ventilated area
  3. Flush open eyelids with lukewarm free-flowing tap water for 30 minutes
  4. Remove contaminated clothing, wash gently and thoroughly with non-abrasive soap for at least 10 minutes
  5. Rinse mouth thoroughly with water, don’t do this on unconscious person
  6. Drink 250ml water
  7. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING
  8. Call National Poison Control Center
  9. Go to nearest hospital
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36
Q

Another term for Borax

A

Sodium Borate

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37
Q

A white crystalline powder used for making formalin stable in alkaline embalming fluids

A

Borax (Sodium Borate)

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38
Q

In it’s pure form Borax can be ______________

A

Caustic and corrosive

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39
Q

Borax is a common ingredient in detergents due to it’s _______________

A

antifungal properties

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40
Q

Borax is an ___________ and _____________

A
  • alkalizing agent
  • anti-coagulant
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41
Q

First aid treatment for Borax:

A
  1. Wash or flush eyes with free-flowing tap water
  2. Drink large amount of water
  3. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING
  4. Call National Poison Center
  5. Go to nearest hospital
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42
Q

Describe glycerin

A

A clear, colorless, syrupy liquid, a tri-hydric sugar alcohol

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43
Q

Glycerin is a by-product from ________________

A

manufacturing soap and biodiesel

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44
Q

Glycerin is an enhancer of the _________________

A

germicidal effects of other chemicals

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45
Q

What does hygroscopic mean?

A

A substance that has the ability to adsorb and absorb moisture or water from the surrounding environment

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46
Q

In glycerin’s pure form, it is ______________

A

hygroscopic with sweet burning taste

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47
Q

Usage of glycerin

A
  • Relaxing agent
  • Anti-dehydrating agent
  • Carrier for chemicals
  • Good lubricator
  • Anti-drying agent
48
Q

Glycerin ____________ and _____________ the firming and/or drying action of the preservative

A

controls and delays

49
Q

First aid treatment glycerin:

A
  1. Wash/flush eyes with free-flowing tap water
  2. Drink a large amount of water
  3. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING
  4. Call the Poison Center
  5. Hospital if needed
50
Q

Organic compounds containing mercury used as anti-infective

A

Mercury Compounds
- Thimersol (Merthiolate)
- Merbromine (Mercurochrome)

51
Q

Disinfectant, germicidal, preservative; creates an internal cosmetic effect (restoring natural color to the tissues)

A

Mercury Compound
- Thimersol (Merthiolate)
- Merbromine (Mercurochrome)

52
Q

Mercury compounds are no longer recommended due to _____________

A

high mercury content

53
Q

Thimersol is _______ mercury by weight

54
Q

Usage of mercury compounds in embalming is specifically prohibited under the _____________________ because of their mercury content.

A

IRR Governing the Disposal of Dead Bodies

55
Q

First aid of Mercury Compounds:

A
  1. Wash with free-flowing tap water
  2. Diarrhea cases, give oral rehydration solution
  3. Call Poison Center
  4. Hospital for severe cases
56
Q

3 forms of Lime (Apog)

A
  • Powdered calcium carbonate
  • Quick lime (calcium oxide)
  • Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide)
57
Q

Powdered calcium carbonate is also called as _____________

A
  • Apog
  • Calsomine powder
  • Murallo
58
Q

What lime form is the only suitable form for embalming use?

A

Powdered calcium carbonate

59
Q

Lime forms that strongly react with water and are very corrosive (should not be used in embalming)

A
  • Quick lime (calcium oxide)
  • Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide)
60
Q

Usage of lime (apog)

A

Absorb both bad odors and excess moisture

61
Q

First aid treatment for Lime (Apog)

A
  1. Wash/flush eyes with free-flowing tap water
  2. Go in well-ventilated room
  3. Drink large amount of water
  4. Call poison center
  5. Hospital if needed
62
Q

Chlorine bleach is also known as ________________

A

Sodium Hypochlorite

63
Q

It’s cheap and effective disinfectants

A

Chlorine bleach
(sodium hypochlorite)

64
Q

Why should chlorine bleach never be mix with formaldehyde?

A

Because it can form a very powerful carcinogen

65
Q

1:9 Ratio
(bleach and water)

A

General purpose disinfectant

66
Q

1:10 Ratio
(bleach and water)

A

Blood disinfectant

67
Q

1:19 Ratio
(bleach and water)

A

Overnight dirty Glass jug disinfectant

68
Q

First aid treatment for Chlorine Bleach inhalation:

A
  1. Ensure safety before attempting rescue
  2. Remove the source of chlorine or move victim where there is fresh air
  3. If breathing stop, go to the nearest hospital
69
Q

First aid treatment for Chlorine bleach skin contact:

A
  1. Wash free-flowing tap water
  2. Remove contaminated clothing
70
Q

First aid treatment for Chlorine bleach ingestion:

A
  1. Rinse mouth thoroughly with water
  2. Drink lots of water
  3. Milk may also be given
  4. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING
  5. Call the Poison Center
  6. Hospital if needed
71
Q

Do not induce vomiting with these chemical in case of ingestion:

A
  1. Phenol
  2. Borax
  3. Glycerin
  4. Chlorine bleach
  5. Kerosene and Thinner
72
Q

Signs and symptoms of _____________
Inhalation: dry throat/ sore throat, coughing, difficulty in breathing and severe exposure may cause fluid accumulation in the lungs (pulmonary edema)

Eyes: Teary eyes, burning sensation, severe eye burns

Skin contact: Repeated or prolonged skin contact can cause reddening, cracking due to dryness, itching, burning sensation

Ingestion: Vomiting, burning sensation severe irritation of mouth, throat and stomach, may be fatal in some occasions

73
Q

Sign and symptoms of _____________
Skin contact: Pain, burns, skin pigmentation, pimples, blisters, skin sensitivity to light or tissue death, long term exposure warts, sores, skin hardening, pigmentation of face, neck, limbs, groin, navel
May cause skin cancer; mutagenic

Inhalation: May cause difficulty in breathing

Eye contact: Inflamed or burn eyes or can cause cornea scarring

Ingestion: Salivation, vomiting, dizziness, headache, weak and irregular pulse, low blood pressure, difficulty in breathing, mild convulsions, stupor, fatigue, unconsciousness, kidney failure

A

Phenol
(Hydroxybenzene)

74
Q

Signs and symptoms of ______________
Skin: Rashes, irritation, redness, itchiness, dryness, burning sensation

Eyes: Irritation, teary eyes, burning sensation

Ingestion: Vomiting, burning sensation and severe irritation of the mouth, throat and stomach

A

Borax
(Sodium Borate)

75
Q

Signs and symptoms of _____________
Skin contact: Rashes, irritation, redness, itchiness, dryness, burning sensation

Ingestion: burning taste

76
Q

Signs and symptoms of _____________
Ingestion: acute mercury poisoning: severe abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody diarrhea with watery stools, oliguria (less urine output) or anuria (no urine output at all), corrosion and ulceration of the digestive tract

Prolonged exposure: generalized inflammation of the oral mucosa, blue line along gum borders, sore hypertrophied gums that bleed easily, loosening of teeth, salivation, tremors and coordination

A

Mercury Compounds
- Thimersol (Merthiolate)
- Merbromine (Mercurochrome)

77
Q

Sign and symptoms of _______________
Skin: rashes, irritation, redness, itchiness, dryness, burning sensation

Inhalation: Difficulty in breathing; coughing

Eyes: Irritation, teary eyes, burning sensation

Ingestion: Vomiting, burning sensation

A

Lime AKA Apog
(Powdered calcium carbonate)

78
Q

Signs and symptoms of ___________
Skin: Gas form causes reddening, itchiness, burning sensation, blisters
Liquid form causes burns and possibly frost bite

Inhalation: Difficulty in breathing, coughing, itchy nose, dry throat, shortness of breath, headache, intense choking, chest pain and vomiting at different levels of exposure: severe exposure causes bronchitis, fluid in the lungs or maybe death

Eyes: Irritation, teary eyes with burning sensation, stinging,: the liquid can cause burns, permanent damage like blindness

Ingestion: pain, thirst, nausea, burning sensation, abdominal cramps

A

Chlorine bleach
(Sodium Hypochlorite)

79
Q

Chemical derivatives of ammonium chloride

A

Quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats)

80
Q

The first derivative of Quats

A

Benzalconium chloride

81
Q

Disinfecting chemical that can lose effectivity if too much organic material is present

A

Quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats)

82
Q

What should you do before disinfecting an instrument in quats?

A

Clean the instrument thoroughly before putting it in the quats solution

83
Q

This can be used to wash ____________ but it must be washed with soap and wam water prior to placing in Quats solution.

A

make-up sponges and brushes

84
Q

How many minutes should you soak instruments in quats solution for disinfection?

A

20 minutes

85
Q

Signs and symptoms of _________________
- Mild to severe chemical burns of the skin and mucous membranes, depending on concentration
- Contact with strong solutions may cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, anxiety, restlessness and coma

A

Quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats)

86
Q

First aid treatment for Quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats)

A
  1. Rinse mouth with water
  2. If symptoms develop, go to emergency room
  3. Call poison center
  4. Bring container or name of the chemical written on a piece of paper
87
Q

A close chemical relative of phenol

A

Cresol
(O-Benzyl-P-Chlorophenol)

88
Q

Another term for Cresol

A

O-Benzyl-P-Chlorophenol

89
Q

______________ is a better germicide than phenol and also a deodorizer

A

Cresol
(O-Benzyl-P-Chlorophenol)

90
Q

Dilute solution of ___________was the Initial ingredient of Lysol but now replaced with quats and/or modern disinfectants

A

Cresol
(O-Benzyl-P-Chlorophenol)

91
Q

Usage of Cresol (O-Benzyl- P-Chlorophenol)

A

Germicidal & disinfectant

92
Q

Where do embalmers primarily use Cresol?

A
  • Clean reusable instruments
  • Embalming table
  • Other tops
93
Q

Signs and symptoms of _______________
Skin & eye contact: Irritation, itchiness, dryness, burning sensation

Ingestion: vomiting, burning sensation

A

Cresol
(O-Benzyl-P-Chlorophenol)

94
Q

First-aid Treatment for Cresol (O-Benzyl-P-Chlorophenol)

A
  1. Wash affected area with free-flowing tap water
  2. Drink large amount of WATER OR MILK, OR EGG WHITES or GELATIN solution
  3. Call poison center or go to hospital
95
Q

Chemical derivatives of natural insecticide pyrethrum which is found in several kinds of chrysanthemum flower

A

Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides

96
Q

Where can you find the natural insecticide called pyrethrum?

A

Several kinds of Chrysanthemum flower

97
Q

What is pyrethrum?

A

Natural insecticide found in several Chrysanthemum flowers

98
Q

Natural insecticide found in several kinds of Chrysanthemum flowers?

99
Q

Aerosol form contains _____________ which is a greater health hazard than the insecticide

A

Petroleum distillate

100
Q

Usage of Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides

101
Q

How do embalmers use synthetic pyrethroid insecticides?

A
  • Spray into nasal sinuses to kill fly larvae
  • Spray inside the casket before placing the cover on to prevent any pest
102
Q

SIgns and symptoms of _______________
Skin and eye contact: rashes, irritation, redness, itchiness,teary eyes, dryness, burning sensation

Inhalation or ingestion:
Difficulty in breathing, coughing, dizziness
Vomiting, burning sensation and severe irritation of the mouth, throat and stomach

A

Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides

103
Q

First-aid Treatment of synthetic pyrethroid insecticide

A
  1. Wash affected area with free-flowing tap water
  2. Go in a well ventilated room
  3. If ingested, DRINK LARGE AMOUNT OF WATER
  4. Call poison center or go to hospital
104
Q

It’s a transparent, colorless, volatile liquid used as solvent, antiseptic, disinfectant, sterlization, for hygienic purposes

A

70% Alcohol

105
Q

Type of alcohol that needs to be rubbed on the skin to be effective

A

Isopropyl alcohol

106
Q

Type of alcohol that’s already effective once on contact

A

Denatured Ethyl Alcohol

107
Q

Usage of 70% alcohol

A
  • Solvent
  • Antiseptic
  • Disinfectant
  • Sterilization
108
Q

Health effects of 70% alcohol

A

Skin and eye irritant

109
Q

First-aid Treatment for 70% alcohol

A
  1. Wash affected area with free-flowing tap water
  2. Go in a well ventilated area
    3 If ingested, DRINK LARGE AMOUNT OF WATER
  3. Call poison center or go to hospital
110
Q

Petroleum-based products, used for killing lice on dead bodies and helpful in removing makeup and adhesive from the skin

A

Kerosene and Thinner

111
Q

Kerosene and thinner are ____________

A

petroleum-based products

112
Q

Usage of Kerosene and Thinner

A
  • Kill head lice found on dead bodies
  • Removing make-up and adhesive from the skin
113
Q

Kerosene and thinner are ___________

A

flammable (catch fire very easily; explosive)

114
Q

Ingestion of kerosene and thinner can cause ________________

A

serious internal burns and be fatal

115
Q

First-aid Treatment for Kerosene and thinner

A
  1. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING
  2. Call poison center or go to hospital
116
Q

________________ shall be in accordance with hospital/health facility waste management manual of the Department of Health

A

Chemical wastes disposal

117
Q

Implementing Rules and Regulations of Chapter XVIII- ____________ of the Code on Sanitation of the Philippines (PD 856)

A

Refuse Disposal

Module 3 Embalming (practice of embalming) (8 decks)

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