Chemical Tests Flashcards
Flame test procedure
- Use a nichrome wire
- Dip in hydrochloric acid
- Dip into unknown solid
- Hold in a non-luminous flame
Lithium flame test
Red
Sodium flame test
Yellow
Potassium flame test
Lilac
Calcium flame test
Brick red
Strontium flame test
Crimson
Barium flame test
Apple green
Flame test - red
Lithium
Flame test - yellow
Sodium
Flame test - lilac
Potassium
Flame test - brick red
Calcium
Flame test - crimson
Strontium
Flame test - apple green
Barium
Carbonate/hydrogen carbonate test
-Add dilute acid and test gas given off with limewater
→ Effervescence + limewater goes cloudy
Sulphate test
-Add dilute HCl
-Add BaCl
→ White precipitate forms
Ammonium test
-Warm with NaOH
-Hold damp red litmus above
→ Red litmus goes blue
Test for halide ions
- Dissolve substance in water
- Add dilute nitric acid
- Add silver nitrate soloution
- Silver halide forms
- Adding ammonia/putting in UV light has further affects
Halide test results for chloride
- White precipitate
- Turns purple-grey in UV light
- Ammonia makes precipitate dissolve
Halide test results for bromide
- Cream precipitate
- Turns green-yellow in UV light
- Ammonia makes precipitate dissolve (partially → fully depending on ammonia concentration0
Halide test result for iodide
- Yellow precipitate
- No effect from UV light
- No effect from ammonia
Ionic equations for carbonate test
Co3(2-) + 2H(+) → H2O + CO2
Ionic equations for hydrogen carbonate test
HCo3(-) + H(+) → H2O + CO2
Ionic equations for limewater test
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H20
Ionic equation for sulphate test
Ba(2+) + SO4(2-) → BaSO4
Ionic equation for ammonium test
NH4(+) + OH(-) → H2O + NH3
