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iGCSE Chemistry > Chemical Testing > Flashcards

Chemical Testing Flashcards

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1
Q

How to test for hydrogen

A

Dip lit splint into test tube filled with gas

Positive result: squeaky pop sound

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2
Q

How to test for oxygen

A

Dip glowing splint into test tube filled with gas

Positive result: splint reignites

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3
Q

How to test for carbon dioxide

A

Bubble gas through limewater

Positive result: limewater turns from clear to cloudy

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4
Q

How to test for ammonia

A

Dip damp red litmus paper into gas

Positive result: paper turns from red to blue

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5
Q

How to test for chlorine

A

Dip damp blue litmus paper into the gas

Positive result: paper turns from blue to white

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6
Q

How to carry out a flame test

A
  1. Clean the wire: dip the end into the acid and burn in flame 3 times
  2. Dip wire end into acid and then into solid sample
  3. Burn sample in flame
  4. Note colour observed and compare to known colours
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7
Q

What are flame tests used for?

A

They can identify if the following cations are present in a compound:
Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Ba2+

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8
Q

What colour flame does a Li+ cation form?

A

Red

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9
Q

What colour flame does a Na+ cation form?

A

Yellow

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10
Q

What colour flame does a K+ cation form?

A

Lilac

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11
Q

What colour flame does a Ca 2+ cation form?

A

Orange-red

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12
Q

What colour flame does a Cu 2+ cation form?

A

Blue-green

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13
Q

What colour flame does a Ba 2+ cation form?

A

Green

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14
Q

How to test for NH4 + cation

A
  1. Add a few cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution to solid ammonium chloride.
  2. Heat gently using a bunsen burner
  3. Test gas produced using damp red litmus paper

Positive result: ammonia gas produced, turn litmus paper red to blue

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15
Q

How to test for Cu 2+, Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ cations

A
  1. Add a few drops of sodium hydroxide solution until in excess
  2. Observe result
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16
Q

What colour precipitate does Cu 2+ form?

A

Blue

17
Q

What colour precipitate does Fe 2+ form?

A

Green

18
Q

What colour precipitate does Fe 3+ form?

A

Brown

19
Q

How to test for Cl-, Br- and I- anions

A
  1. Put 2cm3 of the solution to be tested into a test tube
  2. Add a few drops of dilute nitric acid
  3. Add a small amount of silver nitrate solution
  4. Record observations
20
Q

What colour precipitate does Cl- form?

A

White

21
Q

What colour precipitate does Br- form?

A

Cream

22
Q

What colour precipitate does I- form?

A

Yellow

23
Q

How to test for SO4 2- anions

A
  1. Put 1 small spatula of test sample into test tube and add 10cm3 of water to dissolve it.
  2. Add barium chloride solution drowse until you see s result.

Positive result: white precipitate forms

24
Q

How to test for CO3 2- anions

A
  1. Put a few marble chips into a test tube.
  2. Put 5cm3 limewater into another test tube.
  3. Add approx 5cm3 dilute hydrochloric acid to the carbonate
  4. Quickly put the bung of the delivery tube in the test tube with the other end in the limewater.

Positive result: effervescence, limewater turns cloudy (due to carbon dioxide being produced)

25
Q

How to test for water:

A

Add anhydrous copper sulphate
Positive result: mixture turns from white to blue

Dip in cobalt chloride paper
Positive result: paper turns from blue to pink

iGCSE Chemistry (7 decks)

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