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iGCSE Chemistry > Acids, Bases and Salts > Flashcards

Acids, Bases and Salts Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an acid

A

Reacts with bases to make a neutral solution
Dissociates in water to form hydrogen ions (H+)
Proton donor

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2
Q

What is a base

A

A substance that will react with an acid to form a neutral substance
NOT ALWAYS ALKALINE

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3
Q

What is an alkali

A

Soluble base
When dissolved in water, increases concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-)
Proton acceptor

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4
Q

Examples of bases

A

Metal oxides
Metal hydroxides
Ammonia

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5
Q

pH neutral

A

7

UI green

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6
Q

Why is universal indicator useful

A

Can be used to determine all pH, not just acidic/alkali/neutral

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7
Q

Colour of litmus

A

Acidic: red
Alkali: blue
Neutral: no change

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8
Q

Colour of phenolphthalein

A

Acidic: colourless/no change
Alkali: bright pink
Neutral: colourless/no change

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9
Q

Colour of methyl orange solution

A

Acidic: red
Alkali: yellow
Neutral: orange/no change

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10
Q

Neutralisation

A 
Reaction between acid and alkali
Hydrogen ions (protons) neutralised by hydroxide ions to produce water molecule
Acid donates proton, alkali accepts
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11
Q

Which 3 ions are always soluble?

A

Na, K, NH4

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12
Q

Nitrates solubility

A

Soluble

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13
Q

Chlorides solubility

A

Soluble except PbCl2 and AgCl

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14
Q

Sulphates solubility

A

Soluble except PbSO4, BaSO4 and CaSO4

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15
Q

Carbonates solubility

A

Insoluble except Na2CO3, K2CO3 and (NH4)2CO3

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16
Q

Hydroxides solubility

A

Insoluble except NaOH, KOH and NH4OH

CaOH is slightly soluble

17
Q

What is produced when a metal and an acid react?

A

Metal + acid -> salt + hydrogen

18
Q

What is produced when a metal hydroxide and an acid react?

A

Metal hydroxide + acid -> salt + water

19
Q

What is produced when a metal oxide and an acid react?

A

Metal oxide + acid -> salt + water

20
Q

What is produced when a metal carbonate and an acid react?

A

Metal carbonate + acid -> salt + water + carbon dioxide

21
Q

Strong vs weak acid

A

Strong acid forms more H+ ions when it dissolves in water, every molecule dissociates into ions
Weak acid doesn’t form as many H+ ions, only some molecules dissociate

22
Q

Concentrated vs dilute acid

A

Concentrated acid has more molecules in a given volume of water

23
Q

Which acids are strong or weak?

A

Strong - hydrochloric, sulphuric and nitric

Weak - carbonic, ethanoic

24
Q

How to make soluble salts (except Na, K, NH4)

A

Use insoluble base + acid method
Warm acid in beaker and add solid until no more dissolves
Filter to remove excess solid
Heat filtrate solution until crystals form
Filter to obtain crystals and dry in a warm oven

25
Q

How to make Na, K, NH4 salts

A

Use titration method

26
Q

How to make insoluble salts

A

Use precipitation reaction method
Mix 2 solutions (with soluble salts) together
Filter to remove solid
Dry solid in warm oven

iGCSE Chemistry (7 decks)

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