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Chemistry > Chemical Reactions > Flashcards

Chemical Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

(Solutions) Solvent

A

What is doing the dissolving; what there is more of in a solution.

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2
Q

(Solutions) Solute

A

What is being dissolved; what there is less of in a solution.

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3
Q

(Electrolytes) Strong Electrolytes

A

Strong acids and ionic compounds.

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4
Q

(Electrolytes) Weak Electrolytes

A

Weak acids.

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5
Q

(Electrolytes) Non Electrolytes

A

Covalent compounds.

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6
Q

(Electrolytes) Dissociation

A

Ionic compounds separate into their respective ions when dissolved in a polar solvent.

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7
Q

(Rules for Determining Oxidation Numbers) The oxidation number of an atom in its elemental form is…

A

zero.

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8
Q

(Rules for Determining Oxidation Numbers) The oxidation number of a monoatomic ion is…

A

equal to its charge.

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9
Q

(Rules for Determining Oxidation Numbers) The oxidation number for oxygen in a molecular compound is __, with the exception of peroxides, in which the oxidation number is __.

A

-2, -1

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10
Q

(Rules for Determining Oxidation Numbers) Hydrogen has a __ charge when bonded to a nonmetal and a __ when bonded to a metal.

A

+1, -1

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11
Q

(Rules for Determining Oxidation Numbers) For covalent compounds that do no contain hydrogen or oxygen, the most electronegative element has an oxidation number…

A

equal to its charge as an ion.

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12
Q

(Rules for Determining Oxidation Numbers) The sum of oxidation numbers must equal the…

A

overall charge of the compound.

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13
Q

(Misc. Reactions) Salts are soluble in water if they contain…

A

alkali metals, NH₄⁺, or NO₃⁻; always considered as spectator ions.

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14
Q

(Misc. Reactions) Spectator ions are…

A

ions that do not change phase during a reaction and, as such, are removed from net ionic equations.

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15
Q

(Oxidation-Reduction Reactions) O.I.L.R.I.G.

A

Oxidation is losing (e⁻), reduction is gaining (e⁻).

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16
Q

(Oxidation-Reduction Reactions) The oxidation number of an oxidized element is…

A

increased.

17
Q

(Oxidation-Reduction Reactions) The oxidation number of a reduced element is…

A

decreased.

18
Q

(Activity Series) Increasing ease of oxidation correlates to…

A

increasing reactivity.

19
Q

(Activity Series) An element will oxidize (take electrons from) anything that is _____ it in the series.

A

below

20
Q

(Activity Series) An oxidizing agent…

A

causes oxidation; is the reduced element.

21
Q

(Activity Series) A reducing agent…

A

causes reduction; is the oxidized element.

22
Q

(Halogen Displacement Redox Reactions) Halogens that are bonded to themselves can take electrons from (oxidize) any halide ions that is below it in the family.

A

Trend: F₂ > Cl₂ > Br₂ > I₂

F₂ will oxidize all HALIDE IONS below (Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻) to form F⁻

Cl₂ will oxidize all HALIDE IONS below it (Br⁻, I⁻) but to form Cl⁻

23
Q

(Hydrogen Displacement Redox Reactions) Hydrogen atoms in H₂O are reduced as they gain electrons to form hydrogen gas. The redox half-reaction equation for this is:

A

2H₂O + 2e⁻ —> H₂ + 2OH⁻

24
Q

(Disproportionation Reactions) Examples:

A

2Cu¹⁺—> Cu + Cu²⁺

Fe + 2Fe³⁺ —> 3Fe²⁺

25
Q

(Combustion Reactions) The combustion of any organic hydrocarbon in presence of oxygen gas produces…

A

CO₂ and H₂O.

26
Q

(Combustion Reactions) Combustion of any element in the presence of oxygen produces its…

A

oxide (ex. 2Ca + O₂ —> 2CaO).

27
Q

(Hydrogen Displacement Redox Reactions) Which metals will displace hydrogen?

A

Alkali metals, Ca, Sr, Ba.

28
Q

(Redox Reactions in Acidic Solutions) Net ionic equation of reactions between metals and all strong acids except Nitric Acid

A

aH⁺ + X —> H₂ + Xᵃ⁺

X is a solid.
Xᵃ⁺ is aqueous.

29
Q

(Redox Reactions in Acidic Solutions) NO₃⁻ reduces to:

A

NO

30
Q

(Redox Reactions in Acidic Solutions) MnO₄⁻ reduces to:

A

Mn²⁺

31
Q

(Redox Reactions in Acidic Solutions) Cr₂O₇²⁻ reduces to:

A

Cr³⁺

32
Q

(Redox Reactions in Acidic Solutions) SO₃²⁻ oxidizes to:

A

SO₄²⁻

33
Q

(Redox Reactions in Acidic Solutions) H₂O₂ oxidizes to:

A

O₂

34
Q

(Redox Reactions in Basic Solutions) MnO₄⁻

A

MnO₂

35
Q

(Redox Reactions in Basic Solutions) To solve for a basic solution, what do you do in the final step of solving for an acidic solution?

A

Add OH⁻ to cancel H⁺

Chemistry (15 decks)

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