Chemical Reactions 2 Flashcards
What 3 things make up an atom
An atom consists of a central nucleus with protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in specific energy levels or shells.
What particles make up the nucleus of an atom?
The nucleus is made up of protons, which are positively charged, and neutrons, which are neutral.
What does the atomic number of an element represent?
The atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom, which determines the element’s identity.
What does the mass number of an atom represent?
The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus.
What is electron configuration
Electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in an atom’s shells, which determines chemical properties and reactivity.
What is the electron configuration of oxygen?
The electron configuration of oxygen is 2,6, meaning two electrons in the first shell and six in the second.
What does the periodic table organize and display?
The periodic table organizes elements by increasing atomic number and groups them by similar chemical properties.
What information can you get about an element from its position on the periodic table?
You can learn the element’s group (indicating valency), period (indicating number of electron shells), and general reactivity.
How is an element different from a compound?
An element is made of only one type of atom, while a compound contains two or more types of atoms chemically bonded.
How is a mixture different from a compound?
A mixture consists of substances physically combined without chemical bonding, while a compound is chemically bonded.
What is valency
Valency is an atom’s combining power, which determines how it bonds with other atoms to form compounds. Atoms with 7 electrons in its outer shell have a high valency
How can you determine an atom’s valency from its position on the periodic table?
Valency is often related to an atom’s group; for example, elements in Group 1 have a valency of 1 and group 4 has a valency of 4.
How are polyatomic ions used in formulas for ionic compounds?
Polyatomic ions, such as NH₄⁺ or SO₄²⁻, combine with other ions.
For example, ammonium sulfate is (NH₄)₂SO₄.
How do you represent the formation of an ionic compound in a diagram?
Show electron transfer from the metal atom to the non-metal atom.
What is an ionic compound
An ionic compound is where an element gives away one of its valence electrons to form a bond.
What is a covalent compound
Sharing a pair of electrons
How do you represent covalent bonding in a diagram?
Show shared pairs of electrons between atoms, representing single bonds with one line, double bonds with two, etc., with electrons paired in each shell.
What defines a compound as an acid, base, or salt?
It’s ph
What is the law of conservation of mass, and how is it applied in chemical reactions?
The law states that mass is conserved in a reaction; total mass of reactants equals total mass of products, which is used when balancing equations.
How do you construct a word equation for a chemical reaction?
Identify reactants and products in words.
For example, for acid + metal: hydrochloric acid + zinc → zinc chloride + hydrogen.
How do you write a balanced symbol equation?
Write the formula for each substance and adjust coefficients to ensure the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides.
What are the products of complete and incomplete combustion?
Complete combustion produces carbon dioxide and water, while incomplete combustion produces carbon monoxide or carbon (soot) and water.
What factors can increase the rate of corrosion?
Moisture, oxygen, salt, and pollutants increase corrosion by accelerating the oxidation of metals.
What are some methods to prevent corrosion?
Methods include painting to create a barrier, plating with a less reactive metal, and using sacrificial protection by attaching a more reactive metal.
