Chemical Reactions 2

Question 1

What 3 things make up an atom

Answer 1

An atom consists of a central nucleus with protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in specific energy levels or shells.

Question 2

What particles make up the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 2

The nucleus is made up of protons, which are positively charged, and neutrons, which are neutral.

Question 3

What does the atomic number of an element represent?

Answer 3

The atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom, which determines the element’s identity.

Question 4

What does the mass number of an atom represent?

Answer 4

The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus.

Question 5

What is electron configuration

Answer 5

Electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in an atom’s shells, which determines chemical properties and reactivity.

Question 6

What is the electron configuration of oxygen?

Answer 6

The electron configuration of oxygen is 2,6, meaning two electrons in the first shell and six in the second.

Question 7

What does the periodic table organize and display?

Answer 7

The periodic table organizes elements by increasing atomic number and groups them by similar chemical properties.

Question 8

What information can you get about an element from its position on the periodic table?

Answer 8

You can learn the element’s group (indicating valency), period (indicating number of electron shells), and general reactivity.

Question 9

How is an element different from a compound?

Answer 9

An element is made of only one type of atom, while a compound contains two or more types of atoms chemically bonded.

Question 10

How is a mixture different from a compound?

Answer 10

A mixture consists of substances physically combined without chemical bonding, while a compound is chemically bonded.

Question 11

What is valency

Answer 11

Valency is an atom’s combining power, which determines how it bonds with other atoms to form compounds. Atoms with 7 electrons in its outer shell have a high valency

Question 12

How can you determine an atom’s valency from its position on the periodic table?

Answer 12

Valency is often related to an atom’s group; for example, elements in Group 1 have a valency of 1 and group 4 has a valency of 4.

Question 13

How are polyatomic ions used in formulas for ionic compounds?

Answer 13

Polyatomic ions, such as NH₄⁺ or SO₄²⁻, combine with other ions.

For example, ammonium sulfate is (NH₄)₂SO₄.

Question 14

How do you represent the formation of an ionic compound in a diagram?

Answer 14

Show electron transfer from the metal atom to the non-metal atom.

Question 15

What is an ionic compound

Answer 15

An ionic compound is where an element gives away one of its valence electrons to form a bond.

Question 16

What is a covalent compound

Answer 16

Sharing a pair of electrons

Question 17

How do you represent covalent bonding in a diagram?

Answer 17

Show shared pairs of electrons between atoms, representing single bonds with one line, double bonds with two, etc., with electrons paired in each shell.

Question 18

What defines a compound as an acid, base, or salt?

Answer 18

It’s ph

Question 19

What is the law of conservation of mass, and how is it applied in chemical reactions?

Answer 19

The law states that mass is conserved in a reaction; total mass of reactants equals total mass of products, which is used when balancing equations.

Question 20

How do you construct a word equation for a chemical reaction?

Answer 20

Identify reactants and products in words.

For example, for acid + metal: hydrochloric acid + zinc → zinc chloride + hydrogen.

Question 21

How do you write a balanced symbol equation?

Answer 21

Write the formula for each substance and adjust coefficients to ensure the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides.

Question 22

What are the products of complete and incomplete combustion?

Answer 22

Complete combustion produces carbon dioxide and water, while incomplete combustion produces carbon monoxide or carbon (soot) and water.

Question 23

What factors can increase the rate of corrosion?

Answer 23

Moisture, oxygen, salt, and pollutants increase corrosion by accelerating the oxidation of metals.

Question 24

What are some methods to prevent corrosion?

Answer 24

Methods include painting to create a barrier, plating with a less reactive metal, and using sacrificial protection by attaching a more reactive metal.