Chemical Reactions

Question 1

What does this symbol mean?

Answer 1

Environmental hazard

Question 2

What precaution should you take if a chemical contains this symbol?

Answer 2

Environmental hazard - careful disposal is required. Do not place down the sink.

Question 3

What does this symbol mean?

Answer 3

Toxic

Question 4

If you spill some toxic or corrosive chemicals what should you do?

Answer 4

Clean up immediately and wash hands thoroughly.

Question 5

What does this symbol mean?

Answer 5

Corrosive

Question 6

What does this symbol mean?

Answer 6

Explosive

Question 7

What does this symbol mean?

Answer 7

Irritant

Question 8

What does this symbol mean?

Answer 8

Flammable

Question 9

What precaution should you take with flammable chemicals

Answer 9

Keep away from heat, fire and sparks. No naked flames.

Question 10

What is this symbol?

Answer 10

Oxidiser

Question 11

What is this symbol?

Answer 11

Respiratory irritant

Question 12

True or False - Acids are always corrosive?

Answer 12

False. Acids can be irritants or non-hazardous

Question 13

True or False - Acids are more dangerous than alkalis?

Answer 13

False.

Question 14

When handling irritants what precautions should you take?

Answer 14

Wear safety glasses. Wash spills immediately.

Question 15

What colour do acids turn litmus?

Answer 15

Red

Question 16

What colour do alkalis turn litmus?

Answer 16

Blue

Question 17

What colour do neutral solutions turn litmus?

Answer 17

Purple

Question 18

Is water acid, alkali or neutral?

Answer 18

neutral

Question 19

Give 3 examples of acids found in everyday life.

Answer 19

Fizzy drinks, vinegar, juice, battery acid

Question 20

Give 3 examples of alkalis found in everyday life.

Answer 20

Toothpaste, washing powder, hair dye, drain cleaner, bleach

Question 21

What colour will universal indicator be in acids

Answer 21

Red (strong acids) orange or yellow (weaker acids)

Question 22

What is the pH of a strong acid

Answer 22

0 or 1

Question 23

What is the pH of a neutral solution

Answer 23

7

Question 24

What is the pH of an acid?

Answer 24

<7

Question 25

What is the pH of an alkali?

Answer 25

>7

Question 26

What is the pH of a strong alkali?

Answer 26

14

Question 27

What colour will universal indicator be in alkalis?

Answer 27

Blue or purple

Question 28

What colour will universal indicator be in neutral solutions?

Answer 28

Green

Question 29

What colour is red cabbage indicator in neutral solutions?

Answer 29

Purple

Question 30

What colour is red cabbage indicator in acids?

Answer 30

Red or pink

Question 31

What colour is red cabbage indicator in alkaline solutions?

Answer 31

Green

Question 32

Which element do all acids contain?

Answer 32

Hydrogen

Question 33

What contains hydroxide ions?

Answer 33

Alkaline solutions

Question 34

What reaction occurs if we add an acid to an alkali?

Answer 34

Neutralisation

Question 35

When naming salts, sulfuric acid will form a....?

Answer 35

________ sulfate (the blank space would be the metal from the alkali e.g. copper sulfate)

Question 36

When naming salts, hydrochloric acid will form a....?

Answer 36

__________ chloride (the blank space would be the metal from the alkali e.g. sodium chloride)

Question 37

When naming salts, phosphoric acid will form a....?

Answer 37

____________ phosphate (the blank space would be the metal from the alkali e.g. calcium phosphate)

Question 38

When naming salts, nitric acid will form a....?

Answer 38

____________ nitrate (the blank space would be the metal from the alkali e.g. copper nitrate)

Question 39

When naming salts, ethanoic acid will form a....?

Answer 39

___________ ethanoate (the blank space would be the metal from the alkali e.g. sodium ethanoate)

Question 40

Sodium hydroxide makes what kind of salts?

Answer 40

Sodium e.g. sodium chloride

Question 41

Potassium hydroxide makes potassium salts

Answer 41

Potassium e.g. potassium chloride

Question 42

Acid + alkali -> ______ + ______

Answer 42

Salt + water

Question 43

What is a base?

Answer 43

Any substance that neutralises an acid forming salt + water

Question 44

Is an alkali a base?

Answer 44

Yes! It is a soluble base

Question 45

Why are insoluble bases usually preferred to alkalis where neutralisation is required? e.g. indigestion tablets, soil pH adjustment

Answer 45

If too much alkali is added it will dissolve and make an alkaline solution. If too much insoluble base is added, the substance remains neutral because it does not dissolve.

Question 46

Give some typical properties of metals

Answer 46

Strong, high melting point, good conductor of heat and electricity, shiny when polished.

Question 47

metal + acid ->

Answer 47

Salt + Hydrogen (remember MASH!)

Question 48

How do we test for hydrogen?

Answer 48

Squeaky pop with a lit splint

Question 49

How do we test for carbon dioxide?

Answer 49

Turns limewater cloudy

Question 50

How do we test for oxygen?

Answer 50

Relights a glowing splint

Question 51

metal carbonate + acid ->

Answer 51

salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 52

What do you call a mixture if the solid settles out of the liquid if left to stand still?

Answer 52

Suspension

Question 53

What do you call a cloudy mixture where the solid does not settle out of the liquid if left to stand still?

Answer 53

Colloid

Question 54

What do you can a mixture where the solid is dissolved in a liquid

Answer 54

Solution

Question 55

What is a solution?

Answer 55

A mixture where a solid dissolves into a liquid

Question 56

Which "s" describes something that will dissolve in a liquid

Answer 56

Soluble

Question 57

Which word describes something that won't dissolve in a liquid

Answer 57

Insoluble

Question 58

When a solution contains the maximum amount of liquid that will dissolve in it, this is known as

Answer 58

Saturated

Question 59

What is solubility?

Answer 59

The amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of liquid

Question 60

What do you call the substance that will dissolve in a liquid to make a solution

Answer 60

Solute

Question 61

What do you call a liquid into which other substances will dissolve

Answer 61

Solvent

Question 62

When a substance is dissolved in a liquid what happens to the overall mass?

Answer 62

Stays the same. Nothing "disappears" - you have the same number of atoms before and after.

Question 63

What happens to solubility as temperature increases?

Answer 63

It increases