Chemical Organization in the Human Body

Question 1

Formed when two or more atoms bond together. Molecules can be as simple as oxygen gas (O₂) or as complex as DNA.

Answer 1

Molecules

Question 2

The smallest units of matter that retain the properties of an element.

Answer 2

Atoms

Question 3

Large, complex molecules essential for life, including proteins, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), carbohydrates, and lipids (fats).

Answer 3

Macromolecules

Question 4

Made of amino acids; they perform a variety of functions like catalyzing chemical reactions (enzymes), providing structure (collagen), and regulating processes (hormones).

Answer 4

Proteins

Question 5

Serve as a primary energy source; examples include glucose and glycogen.

Answer 5

Carbohydrates

Question 6

Store energy, form cell membranes, and act as signaling molecules.

Answer 6

Lipids

Question 7

DNA and RNA, which are responsible for genetic information storage and transfer.

Answer 7

Nucleic Acids

Question 8

Charged atoms or molecules, like sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺), and chloride (Cl⁻), that are critical for nerve impulses, muscle contractions, and maintaining fluid balance.

Answer 8

Ions and Electrolytes

Question 9

What is the chemical bonds?

Answer 9

Covalent bonds, Ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds

Question 10

Atoms share electrons to form stable molecules (e.g., H₂O).

Answer 10

Covalent Bonds

Question 11

Electrons are transferred between atoms, creating charged ions that attract each other (e.g., NaCl).

Answer 11

Ionic Bonds

Question 12

Weak bonds important for the structure of DNA and proteins.

Answer 12

Hydrogen Bonds