Chemical Foundations

Question 1

What is chemistry?

Answer 1

Chemistry is the branch of natural sciences dealing with the composition, properties, and reactions of matter using micro and macroscopic perspectives

Question 2

Scientific method

Answer 2

Question
Based on curiosity a problem, and or new observations

Hypothesis
Research
Prior knowledge
Detailed expectation

Design experiment
Input variable
Output variable
Control variables

Do experiment
Multiple trials
Varying the input variable

Observations
Qualitative
Quantitative

Analysis
Find the pattern(s)
Mathematical

Conclusion
Reflect then communicate:
Was the hypothesis confirmed?
What was learned?
What are you still wondering?

Question 3

Accuracy

Answer 3

Is the level to which the determined value [experimental value] agrees with a known true value [theoretical value]

Question 4

Precision

Answer 4

1. Within a set of numbers
2. With regards to tools
3. Within individual measurements, as indicated by sig figs

Question 5

Precision: Within a set of numbers

Answer 5

• the smaller the difference within a set the higher the precision
• dart board analogy

Question 6

Precision: With regards to tools

Answer 6

The smaller the window for error in the tool, the higher its precision. In measurement tools, the precision is indicated by half the smallest unit available

Question 7

Precision: Within individual measurements, as indicated by sig figs

Answer 7

The greater the number of significant figures, the greater the precision

Question 8

What is the difference between precision and accuracy as far as a set of experimental data isconcerned?

Answer 8

Precision is getting all of your data very close to each other and when your dataagrees with itself, whereas accuracy is getting close to the accepted value/theoretical value forthe data