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Chem30S > Atoms & Compounds > Flashcards

Atoms & Compounds Flashcards

1
Q

Goals of alchemists

A

Transmutation and panacea

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2
Q

What is transmutation

A

Turning things into gold

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3
Q

What is panacea

A

The elixir of life [healing and longevity]

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4
Q

Goals of Science/ Chemistry

A

Knowledge and truth

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5
Q

Difference between methods of alchemy and science

A

Alchemy’s methods are random and the variables are uncontrolled. They use philosophical principles and systems, to describe, explain, and predict the future. Science’s method is systematic and the variables are systematically controlled. They use the scientific process with math, to find patterns {using graphs & formulas}. to describe, explain, and predict the future.

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6
Q

Findings of Alchemy

A

Kept top secret, passed on to apprentices

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7
Q

Findings of Science

A

Published and peer reviewed

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8
Q

Beliefs of alchemy

A

Believed matter to be infinitely divisible
Believed in magic
Things can become more than the sum of their parts

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9
Q

Beliefs of science

A

Believe matter to be discrete.
Believe in atoms
Don’t believe in any magic
All things have a physical cause and effect involving a conservation of matter and energy. Things are the sum of their parts.

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10
Q

Scope of alchemy

A

Holistic: Integrating the material, psychological, and spiritual

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11
Q

Scope of science

A

Specific: Focused on the material (the physical ad chemical aspects)

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12
Q

Steps of how a mass spectrometer works:

A
  1. The sample is heated until it becomes a gas (vaporized)
  2. The gas is then ionized.
  3. The ions are shot through a slit through a magnetic field.
  4. The magnetic field exerts a force on those ions causing them to deflect (bend)
  5. The ions with the least mass are deflected the most, the ions with the most mass are deflected the least. Thus the magnetic field creates a spectrum of the various masses.
  6. A computer counts how many ions land on each part of the screen and determines how many percent abundance.
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13
Q

What is a mass spectrometer used for?

A

Used to find cell abundance

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14
Q

What interacts in ionic bonds?

A

Metal and non-metal atoms

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15
Q

What interacts in covalent bonds?

A

Non-metal and non-metal atoms

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16
Q

What happens to atoms in ionic bonds?

A

Atoms become ions that form crystalline lattices when solid

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17
Q

What happens to atoms in covalent bonds?

A

Atoms form molecules that stay together regardless of phase. Molecules may also form crystals (like sugar).

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18
Q

Naming for ionic bonds?

A

Naming may involve the classical or the Stock system and polyatomic ions such as oxy anions.

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19
Q

Naming for covalent bonds?

A

Naming may include Greek prefixes.

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20
Q

When did Atomic Theory begin?

A

In 440 BC with Democritus

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21
Q

Who believed in atoms?

A

Democritus. He believed that everything was made up of building blocks (atomos) meaning ‘indestructible’

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22
Q

Aristotle

A

350 BC disagreed with Democritus.
Believed things could be infinitely divisible.
Things are made up of 4 elements - earth, wind, fire, and water

23
Q

Philosopher’s Stone

A

Could transmute a material into another, even gold

24
Q

Year of John Dalton

A

1803

25
Q

Who came up with first Atomic Theory and what is it?

A

John Dalton:

  1. Each element is made up of tiny particles called atoms
  2. The atoms of a given element are identical; the atoms of different elements are differing in some fundamental way or ways.
  3. Chemical compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine with each other. A given compound always has the same relative numbers and types of atoms.
  4. Chemical reactions involve the reorganization of atoms - changes in the way they are bound together. The atoms themselves are not changed in a chemical reaction.
26
Q

Who created the Plum Pudding Model?

A

J J Thomson - 1897

27
Q

Who discovered the nucleus?

A

Ernest Rutherford - 1909. It was positive

28
Q

What did Rutherford do?

A

Experiment with alpha particles

29
Q

Neils Bohr

A

1912
Discovered electrons travel in levels of energy and they don’t orbit randomly.
Energy Level Model

30
Q

Who discovered the neutron?

A

James Chanwick - 1932

31
Q

James Chanwick

A

1932
Electrons orbit the nucleus become opposites attract. Nucleus stayed together because neutrons. For every proton there was a neutron that separated it from another proton.

32
Q

The current modern periodic table ______

A

The current modern periodic table is organized using quantum mechanics.

33
Q

The subatomic particles and what they are broken down into

A

Protons and neutrons can be broken down into quarks. Electrons can be broken down into leptons.

34
Q

An isotope ____

A

An isotope has the same atomic number (protons) but a different number of neutrons.

35
Q

Roman numerals

A

1: I
2: II
3: III
4: IV
5: V
6: VI
7: VII
8: VIII
9: IX
10: X
50: L
100: C
1000: M

36
Q

Fact about covalent bonds

A

No such thing as quad bond

37
Q

DNA?

A

It is covalent bonded

38
Q

Ic and Ous

A

-ous (lesser) -ic (larger)

39
Q

What is a binary compound?

A

There are 2 or more elements

40
Q

Ite and ate

A

If ‘ite’ is # then ‘ate’ is +1

41
Q

What does radioactive mean?

A
  • it does not glow green
  • the nucleus is unstable
  • the unstable nucleus will eventually break apart
  • when it breaks apart it releases a powerful energy
42
Q

Chemical properties

A

The chemical properties are similar for the elements in the same vertical column or family

43
Q

The diatomic elements

A

Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer

Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Fluorine
Oxygen
Iodine
Chlorine
Bromine
44
Q

The prefixes

A 
Mono
Di
Tri
Tetra
Penta
Hexa
Hepta
Octa
Nona
Deca
45
Q

Ammonia

A

NH3

46
Q

Ammonium

A

NH4

47
Q

Methane

A

CH4

48
Q

Butane

A

C4H10

49
Q

Radioactive means:

A
  • The nucleus is unstable
  • The unstable nucleus will eventually break apart
  • When it breaks apart it releases powerful energy
50
Q

Binary compound

A

Binary compound involves two elements, not two atoms!

51
Q

Naming binary compounds:

A

All binary compounds will have an “-ide” suffix ending

52
Q

Oxyanions:

A

Oxyanions are polyatomic ions that contain oxygen atoms, and have an overall negative charge

53
Q

A hydrate:

A

A hydrate is an ionic compound, in solid crystalline form, that has water incorporated into its lattice

Chem30S (4 decks)

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