Chemical Formulae, Acids, Bases and Salts

Question 1

What charge do metal ions have?

Answer 1

positive

Question 2

Give the formula of a sodium, magnesium, iron(II) and copper ion

Answer 2

Sodium = Na+
Magnesium = Mg2+
Iron(II) = Fe2+
Copper = Cu2+

Question 3

What charge do non-metal ions have?

Answer 3

Negative

Question 4

Give the formula of a chloride, bromide, oxide and sulfide ion

Answer 4

Chloride = Cl-
Bromide = Br-
Oxide = O2-
Sulfide = S2-

Question 5

What do negative ions usually end in?

Answer 5

either ‘-ide’ ‘-ate’ ‘-ite’
For example: Chloride, sulfate, sulfite
‘-ide’ means one element only
‘-ate’ and ‘-ite’ means contains oxygen

Question 6

What positive charge do group 1 and group 2 metal have?

Answer 6

Group 1 = 1+

Group 2 = 2+

Question 7

What negative charge do group 7 and group 6 non-metal ions have?

Answer 7

Group 7 = 1-

Group 6 = 2-

Question 8

What block is also named the transition metals?

Answer 8

D-block

Question 9

What is the formula of an ammonium ion?

Answer 9

NH4+

Question 10

What is the formula of a silver ion?

Answer 10

Ag+

Question 11

What is the formula of a zinc ion?

Answer 11

Zn2+

Question 12

What is the formula of a hydroxide ion?

Answer 12

OH-

Question 13

What is the formula of a nitrate(V) (or just ‘nitrate’) ion?

Answer 13

NO3-

Question 14

What is the formula of a manganate(VII) ion?

Answer 14

MnO4-

Question 15

What is the formula of a hydrogencarbonate ion?

Answer 15

HCO32-

Question 16

What is the formula of a hydrogensulfate ion?

Answer 16

HSO4-

Question 17

What is the formula of a carbonate ion?

Answer 17

CO32-

Question 18

What is the formula of a sulfate(VI) ion?

Answer 18

SO42-

Question 19

What is the formula of a sulfate(IV) ion?

Answer 19

SO32-

Question 20

What is the formula of a dichromate(VI) ion?

Answer 20

Cr2O72-

Question 21

Name all 5 acids that are required to be learnt and state their chemical formula including state symbols

Answer 21

hydrochloric acid = HCl (aq)
Sulfuric acid = H2SO4(aq)
Nitric acid = HNO3 (aq)
Phosphoric acid = H3PO4 (aq)
Ethanoic acid (found in vinegar) = CH3COOH (aq)

Question 22

Name all 4 bases that are required to be learnt and state their chemical formula including state symbols

Answer 22

Sodium hydroxide = NaOH (aq)
Potassium hydroxide = KOH (aq)
Calcium hydroxide = Ca(OH)2 (aq)
Ammonia solution = NH3 (aq) or NH4OH (aq)

Question 23

Define the term acid

Answer 23

An acid is a proton (H+) donor

Question 24

Define the term strong acid

Answer 24

A strong acid completely dissociates into its ions in aqueous solution

Question 25

Define the term weak acid

Answer 25

A weak acid partially dissociates into its ions is aqueous solution

Question 26

Write equations to show each dissociation of sulfuric acid

Answer 26

H2SO4 ---> HSO4- + H+ | HSO4- SO42- + H+

Question 27

Define the term base

Answer 27

A base is a proton (H+) acceptor

Question 28

Define the term alkali

Answer 28

An alkali is a base that dissolves in water and releases OH- ions in aqueous solution

Question 29

Define the term salt

Answer 29

A salt is produced when the H+ ion of an acid is replaced by a metal ion or NH4+

Question 30

What are the products of the following reactions:

Answer 30

``` Acid + ammonia ---> ammonium salt Acid + metal oxide ---> salt + water Acid + metal hydroxide ---> salt + water Acid + metal ---> salt + hydrogen Acid + metal carbonate ---> salt + water + carbon dioxide ```

Question 31

Which chloride is insoluble in water?

Answer 31

silver chloride

Question 32

Which sulfates are insoluble in water?

Answer 32

Barium sulfate and silver sulfate

Question 33

Which carbonates are soluble in water?

Answer 33

sodium, potassium and ammonium sulfate