CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM Flashcards
How to calculate equilibrium constant
K = [products] / [reactants]
What affects equilibrium constant
TEMPERATURE ALONE
What does a rise in temperature result in for EXOTHERMIC reactions
decrease in K
favours reactants
What does a rise in temperature result in for ENDOTHERMIC reactions
increase in K
favours products
Water is amphoteric. What does amphoteric mean
can react as an acid and a base
what is the dissociation constant of WATER
K = [H3O][OH]
What is an acid
proton donor
What is a base
proton acceptor
How are conjugate acids formed
gain of a proton
How are conjugate bases formed
loss of a proton
How to identify strong acids and bases
completely dissociate into ions in aqueous solution
How to identify weak acids and bases
partly dissociate into ions in aqueous solution
what is the dissociation constant of ACID
K = [H30][A] / [HA]
What is a buffer solution
a solution in which the pH is approximately constant when small amounts of acid, base and water are added
What does an ACID BUFFER consist of
solution of WEAK ACID and one of its salts from a STRONG BASE
What does an ACID BUFFER do
weak acid provides H ions when these are removed by small amounts of base
-salt of weak acid provides conjugate base, which absorbs H ions
What does a BASIC BUFFER consist of
solution of WEAK BASE and one of its salts
What does a BASIC BUFFER do
weak base removes excess H ions
conjugate acid provided by salt supplies H ions when these are removed
Indicator dissociation equation
HIn + H20 >< H3O + In
Indicator dissociation constant
K= [H3O][IN]/[HIN]
How is the colour of indicator determines
[HIn] to [In] ratio
when is colour change distinguishable
when ratio differs by factor of 10
