Chemical Equilibrium Flashcards
the term refers to what we might call a “balance of forces”
equilibrium
occurs when a reaction and its reverse reaction proceed at the same rate.
Chemical equilibrium
A chemical reaction is in equilibrium when there is no tendency for the quantities of reactants and products to change.
Chemical Equilibrium
In a system at equilibrium, both the forward and reverse reactions are being carried out; as a result, we write its equation with a double arrow
Depicting Equilibrium
stem from the research by Cato Guldberg and Peter Waage (1864-1879)
Law of Mass Action
2 aspects of the Law of Mass Action
1) the equilibrium aspect
2) the kinetic aspect
concerning the composition of a reaction mixture at equilibrium
equilibrium aspect
concerning the rate equations for elementary reactions
kinetic aspect
is a dynamic process in which rates of reaction for the forward and backward reactions must be equal.
Chemical equilibrium
Gas-phase reactions that use units of partial pressure
Kp
Dissociation of water: dissociation constant of water
Kw
Dissociation of acids: acid dissociation constant
Ka
Reaction of bases with water: base dissociation constant
Kb
Solubility of precipitates: solubility product
Ksp
is a quantitative measure of the extent of reaction, the relative proportion of products and reactants present in the reaction mixture at some instant of time
Reaction Quotient (Q)
“If a system at equilibrium is disturbed by a change in temperature, pressure, or the concentration of one of the components, the system will shift its equilibrium position so as to counteract the effect of the disturbance.”
Le Châtelier’s Principle
When the concentration of a product is increased, the reaction proceeds in reverse to decrease the concentration of the products.
Effect of Concentration
In reactions where gases are produced, and increase in pressure will force the reaction to move to the left (in reverse).
Effect of Pressure
