chemical eqilibrium: buffers

Question 1

what is a buffer solution?

Answer 1

pH remains approximately constant when small amounts of acid, base or water are added

Question 2

what does an acid buffer consist of?

Answer 2

solution of a weak acid and one of its salts made from a strong base

Question 3

what does a basic buffer consist of?

Answer 3

a solution of a weak base and one of its satls

Question 4

describe what happens in an acid buffer solution

Answer 4

-weak acid provides H ions when these are removed by the addition of a small amount of acid

-salt of weak acid provides the conjugate base, which can absorb excess hydrogen ions produced by the addition of small amount of acid

Question 5

describe a basic buffer solution

Answer 5

-weak base removes excess hydrogen ions

-conjuagte acid provided by salt supplies H ions when these are removed

Question 6

what can an approximate pH of an acid buffer solution be calcualted from? give equation

Answer 6

-its composition and from the dissociation constant

pH=pKa - log10 [acid]/[salt]