chemical eqilibrium: acids and bases Flashcards
Water is…
amphoteric
what does amphoteric mean?
can react as an acid and a base
what does the Brønsted-Lowry definitions of acids and bases state?
that an acid is a proton donor
a base is a proton acceptor
for every acid there is a….
conjugate acid, formed by the loss of a proton
for every base there is a…
conjugate acid, formed by the gain of a proton
what are completely dissociated into ions in an aqueous solution?
strong acids and strong bases
what are partially dissociated into ions in an aqueous solution?
weak acids and weak bases
give examples of strong acids
-hydrochloric acid
-sulfuric acid
-nitric acid
give examples of weak acids
-ethanoic acid
-carbonic acid
-sulfurous acid
gives an example of a strong base
solutions of metal hydroxides
give examples of weak bases
-ammonia
-amines
what explains the weakly acidic nature of solutions of carboxylic acids, sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide?
A
by reference to equations showing the equilibria
what explains the weakly alkaline nature of a solution of ammonia or amines?
by reference to an equation showing the equilibrium
equimolar solutions of weak and strong acids (or bases) have:
different:
-pH values
-conductivity
-reaction rates
stoichiometry of reactions are the sanme
soluble salt of strong acid + strong base dissolves in water to produce:
neutral solution
