chemical coordination and integration

Question 1

location of hypothalamus

Answer 1

basal part of diencephalon, forebrain

Question 1

how does hypothalamus secrete hromones and in which two ways does it regulate the functions of the pituitary?

Answer 1

*contains several groups of neurosecretory cells known as nuclei which secrete hormones that reach the [ituitary gland through portal circulatory system and regulate the functions of the anterior pituitary.
*the posterior pituitary is under direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus

Question 2

hormones released by the hypothalamus

Answer 2

somatostatin-inhibitory, GnrH-releasing

Question 3

location of pituitary

Answer 3

bony cavity called sella tursica and connected to the hypothalamus by a stalk

Question 4

pituitary anatomically divided into:

Answer 4

Adenohypophysis&neurohypophysis.
Adenohypohysis divided into pars distalis/anterior pituitary and pars intermedia.
Neurohypophysis/posterior pituitary/pars nervosa

Question 5

hormones secreted by pars distalis/anterior and pars intermedia

Answer 5

1. Growth Hormone
2. Prolactin
3. Thyroid stimulating(TSH)
4. Adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH)
5. Luteinizing hormone(LH)
6. Follicle stimulating Hormone (FSH)
   - Pars intermedia secretes only MSH-melanocyte stimulating hormone

Question 6

hormones secreted by posterior

Answer 6

vasopressin and oxytocin

Question 7

GH disorders

Answer 7

*oversecretion in birth-gigantism
*undersecretion in birth-pituitary dwarfism
*excess secretion in adults/esp during middle age-acromegaly

Question 8

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 8

condition in which release or synthesis of ADH is impaired which leads to poor ability of kidney to conserve water resulting in water loss and dehydration.

Question 9

adrenal gland divided into

Answer 9

adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex

Question 10

hormones secreted by medulla and what are they commonly called

Answer 10

adrenaline/epinephrine and noradrenaline/nonepinephrine-aka catecholamines

Question 11

types of corticoids and main ones

Answer 11

1. glucocorticoid-corticoids involved in carbohydrate metabolism-main-cortisol
2. those which regulate balance of water and electrolytes-mineralcorticoids-main-Aldosterone