Chemical Coordination

Question 1

Hormones
Nutrient?
Type of messenger?
Production?
Action through?

Answer 1

Non nutritient chemicals
Intercellular messengers
Produced in Trace amounts
Act through receptors

Question 2

GLANDS
AKA
ORIGIN
LOCATION

Answer 2

hypothalamus
>master of master glands
>Ectodermal
>part of diencephalon

pituitary:
>hypophysis / master gland
>Ectodermal
>Sella tursica

Pineal
>epiphysis
>Ectodermal
>dorsal part of forebrain/epithalamus (diencephalon)

Thyroid
>largest gland / only gland to store it’s own hormones
>endodermal
>ventral to trachea
Butterfly shaped with 2 lobes attached by isthmus

Parathyroid
>4
>endodermal
>behind thyroid

Thymus
>endodermal
>ventral part of aorta+behind sternum

Adrenal
>cortex - mesodermal
>medulla-ecto dermal
>above kidney

Pancreas
Endocrine part :islets of langerhans
Exocrine part:acinar cells

Ovary
>mesodermal
>intra abdominal cavity

Testis
>mesodermal
>scrotum [outside abdomen]

Question 3

Hypothalamus
Info
Hormones
>aka
>function

Answer 3

Connection b/w neural & chem

Neuros3cretory cells[neurons] nuclie[cell body]
Secretes hormones
1.some act on ANTERIOR PITUITARY thru hypophyseal portal sys
2.some stored in nerve endings in posterior pituitary
>direct neural control
>not true endocrine as is doesn’t store it’s own hormones

Stalk b/w hypothalamus and pituitary is = infundibulum

POSTERIOR PITUITARY
[NEURO HYPOPHYSIS]
1.oxytocin -milk let down hormone
>milk ejection
>birth > myometrium contraction

2.Vasopressin: ADH antidiuretic hormone
>vasoconstriction
>reabsorption of H20 from dct and collecting duct

ANTERIOR PITUITARY [ADENOHYPOPHYSIS]
Target > ant pit
1.GHRH/GRH
2.GHIH/GIH
3.PRL RH /PRH
4.PRL IH / PIH
5.MSH RH/MRH
6.MSH IH/MIH
Only releasing type
7.TSH RH
8.ACTH RH / CRH
9.GnRH (release of FSH & LH)

Question 4

Pituitary
Info
Hormone
>target
>function
Disease

Answer 4

Adeno neuro
75% 25%
2 lobes 1lobe
Par distalis pars nervosa
Par intermedia
(Fused in humans)
Intermedia Secretes
Only MSH

GH >general body part>physical growth & development

PRL >mammary glands > lactogenic+mammotrophic

MSH >melanocyte > distribution of pigment melanin

TSH>thyroid > release of thyroid hormones

ACTH> adrenal cortex> release corticoids

FSH
M- spermatogenesis
F-growth of ovarian follicles

LH
M- aka ICSH leydig to produce androgen
F- ovulation + formation and maintain corpus luteum

Disease
Before puberty
Hypo>dwarfism -midget
Hyper > gigantism
After puberty
Hypo>acromicria
Disprop body hands feet Jaw small
Hyper>acromegaly
Disprop hand feet jaw elongated
PREMATURE DEATH

Question 5

PINEAL GLAND
Hormone
>function

Answer 5

MELATONIN
>affects pigment
>promotes sleep
24HR DIURNAL/CIRCADIAN RHYTHM/BIOLOGICAL CLOCK -
Highest : midnight
Lowest : noon
Metabolism + body temp affected
>affects defence mechanism
>menstrual cycle

Question 6

Adrenal
Hormones +Function

Zone
Hormones
Main hormone
Undercontrol of
Function
Disease

Answer 6

Cortex medulla
75% 25%
3 zones 1 part

MEDULLA
Catecholamine
Epinephrine+norepinephrine [flight/fight/emergency hormone]
>glycogenolysis+proteolysis+ lipolysis

CORTEX
1.Zona Glomerulosa
>Mineralocorticoids
>aldosterone
>undercontrol RAAS
Renin angiotensin aldosterone sys
>Na+ & h20 reabsorption
K+ & phosphate elimination
Blood vol increase

2.zona fasciculata
>Glucocorticoids
>Cortisol
>acth
> gluconeogenesis+lipolysis +proteolysis
Cardiovascular & kidney functions
Immuno suppressant
Erythropoesis

3 zona reticulata
Steroids
DHEA-dihydroepiandrosterone
Acth
Hair growth everywhere on body

Disorder
Hypo > Mineralocorticoids + glucocorticoids
Na+ low pressu4e low
Blood vol low
Glucose level low
WEAKNESS FATIGUE FAT