Chemical Combinations, Subatomic Particles, Isotopes, and Ions (2.2 +2.4)

Question 1

The Law of Conservation of Mass

Answer 1

the mass of the products generated during a chemical reaction is the same as the mass of reactions that were used up

Question 2

The Law of Definite Proportions

Answer 2

the composition of a compound is fixed (a.k.a law of constant composition)

Question 3

The Law of Multiple Proportions

Answer 3

when 2 or more elements combine to form more than one compound, for a fixed mass of one element, the masses of each of the other elements in the compounds occur in a small, whole-number ratio

Question 4

Subatomic particles

Answer 4

protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 5

Proton abbreviation, charge, location in an atom, and mass (u)

Answer 5

p, +1, in the nucleus, 1.0073

Question 6

Neutron abbreviation, charge, location in atoms, and mass (u)

Answer 6

n, 0, in the nucleus, 1.0087

Question 7

Electron abbreviation, charge, location in atoms, and mass (u)

Answer 7

e, -1, outside of the nucleus, 0.000549

Question 8

Are atoms electrically neutral? Explain why or why not.

Answer 8

yes, b/c the number of + charge protons = the number of - charged electrons

Question 9

Atomic Number consists of…

Answer 9

(z); the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus (z=p)

Question 10

Isotopes

Answer 10

a form of an element whose atoms have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 11

Mass Number

Answer 11

(A) the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
(A = p + n = z + n)

Question 12

Atomic Number and Mass notation

Answer 12

The mass number is a superscript, atomic number is a subscript

Question 13

Ions

Answer 13

a charged atom or molecule that has either lost or gained one or more electrons

Question 14

Anion

Answer 14

a negatively charged ion

Question 15

Cation

Answer 15

a positively charged ion

Question 16

Atomic Mass

Answer 16

the weighted average of the masses of the naturally occurring mixture of isotopes of an element compound with 1/12 the mass of a C-12 molecule