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Chemistry > Chemical Changes Flashcards (4) > Flashcards

Chemical Changes Flashcards (4)

1
Q

What is oxidation

A

Oxidation is loss of electrons, gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen

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2
Q

What is reduction?

A

Reducation is gain of electrons, loss of oxygen or gain or hydrogen.

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3
Q

What is the reactivity series of metals?

A

The series shows the metals in order of their reactivity.

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4
Q

How do you remember the reactvity series

A
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5
Q

What does the polite reprsent in the reactvity series

A

potassium (K)

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6
Q

What does the spotted reprsent in the reactvity series

A

sodium (Na)

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7
Q

What does the leopard reprsent in the reactvity serie

A

Lithium Li

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8
Q

What does the can reprsent in the reactvity serie

A

Calcium Ca

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9
Q

What does the meet reprsent in the reactvity serie

A

Magnesium Mg

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10
Q

What does the affectionate reprsent in the reactvity serie

A

Aluminium Al

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11
Q

What is inbetween Alminium and zinc in the reactvity series

A

Carbon C

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12
Q

What does the zebra reprsent in the reactvity serie

A

Zinc Zn

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13
Q

What does the into reprsent in the reactvity serie

A

Iron Fe

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14
Q

What does the tender reprsent in the reactvity serie

A

Tin Sn

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15
Q

What does the loving reprsent in the reactvity serie

A

Lead Pb

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16
Q

Whats inbetween Lead(Pb) and Copper(Cu)

A

Hydrogen (H)

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17
Q

What does the care reprsent in the reactvity serie

A

Copper Cu

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18
Q

What does the single reprsent in the reactvity serie

A

Silver Ag

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19
Q

What does the girls reprsent in the reactvity serie

A

gold (Au)

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20
Q

What does the please reprsent in the reactvity serie

A

Platinum

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21
Q

What the reactvity series order from most to least reactvie

A

Potassium K

Sodium Na

Lithium Li

Calcium Ca

Magnesium Mg

Aluminium Al

Carbon C

Zinc Zn

Iron Fe

Tin Sn

Lead Pb

Hydrogen H

Copper Cu

Silver Ag

Gold Au

Platinum Pt

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22
Q

What happens to metals above H( 2 ) and those in the reactvity series

A

Metals above H( 2) in reactivity series react with acid to produce H(2).The more reactive the metal is, the quicker and more violent reaction with acid occurs.

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23
Q

What happens to metals bellow H(squared 2 ) and those in the reactvity series

A

Metals below H(squared 2) don’t react with acids.

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24
Q

Do all metals above H2 react with water

A

Mostly group 1 and 2.Aluminium is the borderline case.

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25
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

A reaction where a more reactive metal (in the reactvity series) displaces a less reactive metal from a compound

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26
Q

How are unreactive metals found in Earth?

A

In their natural state (well, they are unreactive…)

27
Q

How can metals less reactive than carbon be
extracted?

A

Reduction with carbon. Carbon displaces the metal in a metal oxide - gets oxidised to carbon oxides. Metal from the metal oxide gets reduced to the pure metal.

28
Q

How are metals more reactive than carbon extracted?

A

By electrolysis

29
Q

How are oxidation and reduction defined in terms of electron transfer?

A

Oxidation – loss of electrons

Reduction – gain of electrons

30
Q

What is the general equation for a reaction between metals and
acids? What type of reaction is this?

A
31
Q

Which metals in the reactivity series will react with acid?

A

Those above hydrogen

32
Q

What is the general equation for a neutralisation reaction?

A
33
Q

What is the general equation for the reaction between metal carbonate and acid?

A
34
Q

What is the general equation for the reaction between metal oxides
and acids?

A
35
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

A reaction where both oxidation and reduction occurs

36
Q

Explain in terms of gain or loss of electrons which species has been oxidised and which species has been reduced when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid

A

Magnesium has lost electrons and thus has been oxidised (Mg to Mg2+(squared)

The hydrogen in HCl has gained electrons and thus has been reduced (H+ to H2 (squared)

37
Q

How is a soluble salt formed?

A

a) React the excess acid with some insoluble chemical (e.g. metal oxide)

b) Filter off the leftovers

c) Crystallise the product

38
Q

What do acids and alkalis produce in aqueous solutions? Interms of hydrogens

A

Acids produce hydrogen ions,

alkalis produce hydroxide ions

39
Q

What are bases, acids and alkalis?

A

Bases are compounds that neutralise acids

acids produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions

alkalis are soluble bases - produce hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions

40
Q

What is the pH scale and what does a pH of 7 show?

A

The measure of acidity/alkalinity of a solution; neutral solution

41
Q

State the general equation for a neutralisation reaction in a short, ionic form.

A
42
Q

What is a strong acid? What is a weak acid?

A

Strong acid is completely ionised in aqueous solution; weak acid is only partially ionised in aqueous solution

43
Q

What happens to pH as concentration of H+ increases?

A

The pH decreases

44
Q

What is a concentrated acid and what is a dilute acid? Is this the same as a strong and weak acid?

A
  • Concentrated acid has more moles of acid per unit volume than dilute (dilute refers to solutions of low concentrations)
  • It is not the same - concentration is not the same thing as strength of an acid.
  • Strength refers to whether the acid is completely ionised in water (strong) or
    only partially (weak).
45
Q

As the pH is decreased by one unit, what change is seen in the
hydrogen ion concentration?

A

Increases by a factor of 10

46
Q

Name this salt

A

Lithium nitrate

47
Q

Name this salt

A

Potassium carbonate

48
Q

Name this salt

A

Magnesium bromide

49
Q

Name this salt

A

Barium sulfate

50
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

The passing of an electric current through ionic substances that are molten or in solution to break them down into elements

ions are discharged (they lose/gain electrons) at electrodes to produce these

51
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

The liquid/solution which conducts electricity

52
Q

What is a cathode and what is an anode?

A

Cathode is the negative electrode, anode is the positive electrode

53
Q

What occurs at the cathode in electrolysis ?

A

Reduction occurs at the cathode

54
Q

What occurs at the anode in electrolysis ?

A

Oxidation occurs at the anode

55
Q

In aqueous electrolysis, which element is discharged at the cathode?

A

The less reactive element discharges at the cathode. Hydrogen is produced unless there is a less reactive metal, in which case the said metal is produced.

56
Q

Oxygen is produced at the anode unless what?

A

Oxygen is produced at the anode unless the solution contains halide ions, in which case halogen molecules are produced.

57
Q

How is aluminium manufactured?

A

Aluminium is made through the electrolysis of aluminium oxide and cryolite.

58
Q

Why is aluminium expensive to manufacture

A

Lots of energy is needed to produce the current in electrolysis which makes this process expensive.

59
Q

What are the half equations in the extraction of aluminium?

A
60
Q

Why is cryolite used in manufacturing of aluminium?

A

It lowers the melting point of aluminium oxide, reducing energy costs

61
Q

What are the half equations in electrolysis of the aqueous Na2(squared)SO4(power of 4)?

A
62
Q

What are the half equations in electrolysis of the molten and aqueous KCl?

A
63
Q

What are the half equations in electrolysis of the aqueous CuBr2?

A

Chemistry (10 decks)

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