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Chemistry > Chemical Changes > Flashcards

Chemical Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

What range of values can ph take

A

0-14

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2
Q

What term is used to describe a solution when a pH of 7

A

Neutral

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3
Q

What’s the difference between a strong and weak acid

A

Strong acids ionise water completely so all acid particles dissociate to release H+ ions weak acids do not ionise completely or dissociate to release H+ ions

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4
Q

If the pH of the solution rises from 2 to 5 what factor has the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution changed by

A

Changes by 10 to the power of -3

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5
Q

Name two substances formed when nitric acid reacts with copper hydroxide

A

Copper nitrate and water

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6
Q

What is produced when an acid and a base react

A

Salt and water

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7
Q

What is the reaction between an acid and a base called

A

Neutralisation

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8
Q

What is produced when an acid reacts with a metal oxide

A

Salt and water

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9
Q

What is produced when an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide

A

Salt and water

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10
Q

What’s the difference between concentrated acids and strong acids

A

Concentration measures how much there is in a volume

Strong is what proportion the acid molecules ionise in water

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11
Q

What is produced when an acid and metal carbonate react

A

Salt water and carbon dioxide

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12
Q

Name the elements in the reactivity series

A 
Potassium 
Sodium 
Lithium 
Calcium 
Magnesium 
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Hydrogen 
Copper
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13
Q

What is produced when an acid and a metal react

A

Salt and hydrogen

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14
Q

What is produced when metal and water react

A

Metal hydroxide and hydrogen

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15
Q

What is the chemical formula for hydroxide

A

OH

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16
Q

In the reactivity series what elements can be extracted using electrolysis

A

Anything above carbon

17
Q

How are elements below carbon extracted and how

A

Reduction with carbon because the carbon takes away the oxygen from the metal which are less reactive than the metals themselves

18
Q

A loss of electrons is

A

Oxidation

19
Q

A gain of electrons is

A

Reduction

20
Q

What are all reactions with metal and acids called

A

Redox reactions

21
Q

What is a displacement reaction

A

When a more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen from a salt solution

22
Q

A more reactive _____ will displace a less ______ ___ from its compound

A

A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from its compound

23
Q

What determines the reactivity of a metal

A

How easily it loses electrons to form positive ions

24
Q

Magnesium is reacted with dilute hydrochloride acid. Give the name of the salt that is produced

A

Magnesium chloride

25
Q

Which two substances are made when a metal reacts with water

A

A metal hydroxide and hydrogen

26
Q

What are positive ions called

A

Cations

27
Q

What electrode do cations move towards and what is the charge of that electrode

A

The Cathode which is negative

28
Q

What are negative ions called

A

Anions

29
Q

What electrode do negative ions move to and what is the charge of that electrode

A

The anode which is positive

30
Q

What is an electrolyte

A

A dissolved or ionic compound that created a flow of charge as the ions are free to move

31
Q

What happens when ions move towards electrodes

A

They react and the compound decomposes and they lose of gain electrons

32
Q

Explain how bauxite is extracted

A

1) Aluminium most be extracted from its ore (bauxite) aluminium oxide by electrolysis
2) Aluminium oxide has a very high melting temperature so it’s mixed with cryolite to lower melting point
3) The molten mixture contains free ions an so it’ll conduct electricity
4) the positive aluminium ions move to the negative electrode where three electrons are gained they then sink to the bottom of the electrolysis tank
5) the negative oxygen ions move to the positive electrode each lose two electrons and combine with other oxygen atoms to from 02 molecule

Chemistry (3 decks)

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