Chemical Change Flashcards
Define enthalpy
A thermodynamic quantity that is equal to the total heat content of a system
What is an endothermic reaction
A chemical reaction during which heat energy is taken in from the surroundings
What is an exothermic reaction
A chemical reaction during which heat energy is transferred to the surroundings
What is enthalpy change
The heat added to a system under conditions of standard pressure
Define activation energy
The minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction through initial bond breaking, allowing new bonds to form
What is an activated complex
An intermediate state in a chemical reaction that is formed while bonds are breaking and new bonds are formed
What are the 4 types of redox reactions
1) Electrolytic
2) Synthesis
3) Displacement
4) Decomposition
Define oxidation number
The number assigned to each element in a compound in order to keep track of the movement of electrons during a reaction
What is an acid-base reaction
Acid + Base —> salt + water
What are the 3 types of acid base reactions
1) Acid with metal hydroxide
2) Acid with metal oxide
3) Acid with metal/ hydrogen carbonate
What is a monoprotic acid
Can only donate one proton
What is a polyprotic acid
Can donate more than one proton
What is a conjugate acid-base pair
An acid and base that are related by the transfer of a proton
What are ampholytes
A substance that can act as either an acid or a base depending on what it is reacting with
What is a titration
A technique where a solution of a known concentration is used to determine the unknown concentration of a solution
