Chemical Bonding Test

Question 1

Covalent Bond

Answer 1

The bonding that results in the sharing of an electron pair between two electrons.

• Nonmetal + Nonmetal
• Electrons are shared
• 2 types of covalent bonds; nonpolar, polar
• NO CONDUCTIVITY
• solid/liquid/gas at room temp
• bond energy (PE GRAPH)
• bond length (shorter = stronger)
• Lewis structure

Question 2

Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 2

A type of covalent bond in between 2 atoms in which electrons are shared unequally.

• 0.3 < electronegativity < 1.7
• Atom w/ more electronegativity have increased attraction to shared electrons within a bond.

Question 3

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

Answer 3

A type of covalent bond in which atoms share electrons equally.
- 0 < electronegativity <= 0.3

Question 4

Characteristics of the Covalent Bond

Answer 4

• When 3 atoms form a cov. bond, their shared electrons form overlapping orbitals.
• Achieves a noble-gas config.
• Ex: The bonding of 2 hydrogen atoms allows each atoms to have the stable electron config. of helium, 1s^2.
• Share electrons

Question 5

Ionic Bond

Answer 5

A type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, or between two atoms with starkly different electronegativities.

• Metal - Nonmetal
• Electrons are gained/ lost
• Charges attract
• electronegativity > 1.7
• Composes of pos and neg ions that are combined so that the #s of pos and neg charges are equal
• Crystal lattice (cubic/ rectangular)
• brittle

Question 6

Metallic Bond

Answer 6

A type of chemical bonding that holds atoms together in a metallic substance.

• Metal - Metal
• sea of electrons
• Bond energy
• conducts as solid/liquid
• ALL METAL PROPERTIES

Question 7

Bond Length

Answer 7

The distance between two bonded atoms at their minimum potential energy.

Question 8

Bond Energy

Answer 8

The energy required separate bonded atoms.

Question 9

Octet Rule

Answer 9

The theory that the main-group elements tend to bond in such a way that each atom has 8 electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electronic config. as a noble gas.

Question 10

Formula Unit

Answer 10

• The simplest collection of atoms from which an ionic compound’s formula can be established

Question 11

Crystal Lattice

Answer 11

In an ionic crystal, ions minimize their potential energy by combining in an orderly arrangement known as a crystal lattice.

• Attractive forces exist between oppositely charged ions within the lattice.
• Repulsive forces exist between like-charged ions within the lattice.
• Combined forces within a lattice determine:
  
  • distances between ions
  • pattern of the ions arrangement in the crystal

Question 12

Sea of Electrons

Answer 12

When atoms in a metallic solid lose their outer electrons and forma regular lattice of positive metallic ions.

• Outer electrons do not belong to any atom, form a pool/sea of delocalized electrons
  
  • Free and move randomly throughout the fixed lattice of pos ions

Question 13

Covalent Network (Network Solids/Macromolecules)

Answer 13

• NM- NM
• Crystalline Structure
  ex:
  C C C
  \ C / \ C /
  / \ / \
  C C C
• (some) are solid, conducts electricity
• covalent bonds
• extremely hard
• brittle

Question 14

Coulomb’s Law

Answer 14

The force between charged particles is proportional to the product of the charges.