Chemical Bonding and Bond Polarity

Question 1

Name all 3 types of intermolecular interactions

Answer 1

Dipole-Dipole
VDW or London-Dispersion
Hydrogen Bonds

Question 2

Name the charge of Anions and Cations

Answer 2

Anion = Negative Charge
Cation = Positive charge (paw-sitive)

Question 3

Answer 3

Phosphorus

Large jump in ionisation energy after 5e- has been removed

5 Electrons in Valence Shell

This is when the electron is being removed from the 2nd principle energy level

Question 4

Explain the Trend in Ionisation Energy across period 3 (include exceptions)

Answer 4

General Increase in ionisation energy

• More proton rich nucleus as you across a period
• Similar Shielding for all elements in that period

This means that the forces of attraction between the outermost orbital and nucleus increases so more energy is required to overcome these forces to remove an electron from the outer shell

Sulphurs ionisation energy is slightly less that of phosphorus,
Outer electrons in 3p orbitals begin to pair
within sulphurs outermost orbital electron-electron repulsion between the two means that less energy is required to remove an electron, then phosphorus’ one outer orbital electron.

The outermost electron in aluminium sits in a higher energy orbital slightly further from the nucleus then the outer electron in magnesium. This results in less energy required to remove the outermost electron from Aluminium

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

Name these 3 lattice Shapes

Question 7

Explain the Following interactions
Ionic Bond , Covalent Bond

Answer 7

Ionic - Transfer of electrons resulting in electrostatic forces of attraction between opposite ions

Covalent - Sharing of electrons between Atoms

Question 8

A Reaction is energetically favourable if..

Answer 8

Energy Released from making bonds > Energy absorbed from breaking bonds

Question 9

Whats the Octet rule?

Answer 9

An Atom will form covalent bonds to achieve a complement of eight valence electrons

Question 10

Draw the Lewis Structure of
Hcl
H2O
CH4
C2H4

Question 11

Explain bond polarity in covalent bonds

Answer 11

Electron cloud is displaced towards the more electronegative atom

Question 12

What is a Polar molecule?

Answer 12

a Moleucle with polar bonds where the sum of the dipole moments is not zero

• Symmetrical molecules with polar bonds are not polar