Chemical Bonding Flashcards
Explain why does ionic compounds have a high melting point and boiling point.
A large amount of energy is needed to overcome the strong forces of attraction between the ions.
Explain why does covalent compounds have a low melting and boiling point.
Little energy is needed to overcome the weak intermolecular forces.
Explain why does ionic compound only conduct electricity in molten or aqueous state.
In molten or aqueous state, ions are free to move about to act as mobile charge carriers to conduct electricity.
ionic compound or covalent compound?
non-metal + metal
ionic compound
ionic compound or covalent compound?
metal + metal
covalent compound
how does a chlorine atom become a chloride ion?
- State how many valence electrons are there
A chlorine atom has 7 valence electrons - No. of electrons to gain/lose to have a full/stable valence electron shell?
Gains 1 electrons to obtain a stable electronic configuration of 2.8.8
how does a magnesium atom become a magnesium ion?
A magnesium atom has 2 valence electrons, loses 2 electrons to obtain a stable electronic configuration of 2.8
Define Isotopes
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and electrons, but different number of neutrons
State the charge of the particles of an atom, (proton, neutron & electrons)
proton +1
neutron 0
electron -1
State the relative mass of the particles of an atom, (proton, neutron & electrons)
proton 1
neutron 1
electrons 1/1840
Why cant ionic compounds conduct electricity in solid state?
For a substance to be conductive it must contain particles that are charged and free to move
So ionic compounds cannot conduct electricity when are solid but can conduct electricity when they are aqueous or molten.
In solid state the ions are held in place, thus there are no free moving ions to conduct electricity,
what is a cation
Anion- negAtively charged ions
CATION positively charged ions, the ions lose electrons to attain a full valence electron shell, a positive ion is formed. (mostly metal atoms)
For example; sodium NA+, magnesium Mg2+, hydrogen H+
what is an anion?
negatively charged ions, the ions gain electrons to attain a full valence electron shell, a negative ion is formed. (mostly NON- metal atoms)
For example; bromide Br-, chloride Cl-, Carbonate CO3²-
what is an ion?
a charge particle formed by the losing/gaining/sharing of outer electrons
name a few polyatomic ions
Ammonium, NH4+ Hydroxide, OH- Nitrate, NO3- Carbonate, CO32- Sulfate, SO42-
