Chemical Bonding Flashcards
3 types of bonding
Covalent , ionic , metallic
How do atoms become stable/have full outer electron shells
- Form ions (give away & accept electrons )
- Form covalent bonds with another atom (share a pair of electrons )
How is a covalent bond formed
A covalent bond forms when two non-metal atoms share a pair of electrons
held together by the electrostatic force of attraction between the positive nuclei of each atom and their negative electrons.
What does a covalent bond and what does it occur with
A covalent bond is a Strong force of attraction occurs between non metal atoms
How is a covalent discrete molecule form
(Most )Substance that form covalent bonds form individual or discrete molecules.
How to tell that is is a covalent discrete molecule
You can count the number of atoms & write its chemical formula.
They have a low melting point/boiling point ( below 500C )
What are covalent network structures
These are giant structures of nonmetal atoms held together by very strong covalent bonds , needing allot of energy to break them.
How to tell it’s a covalent network structure
Impossible/very hard to count exact number of atoms
High melting/boiling point ( above 500C )
Strong covalent bonds and weak intermolecular forces look like
Strong covalent bonds - black lines
Weak intermolecular forces - dashed lines
What chemical formula is buckminsterfullerene
C60
What are allotropes
Different forms of the same element
What is the most well known allotrope
Carbon
How does ionic bonding form
Forms between ions of metal & non metals
What kind of attraction does ionic bonding have
Very strong force of attraction
What is an ionic bond
Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
What makes up an ionic lattice( held up by what)
Ionic compounds held in place by strong ionic bonds
How to melt ionic bonds
Using allot of energy because of a high melting/boiling point
(Solubility) what did covalent and ionic substances dissolve
Covalent substances tend to dissolve other covalent substances
Ionic substances tend to dissolve other ionic substances
What does it mean to be soluble
The ability to be dissolved
Why is water a polar molecule
Because the electrons between oxygen and hydrogen atoms in water are not shared equally
What does is mean that water is a polar molecule
One side of the molecule is slightly positive
other side of the molecule is slightly negative
What can the polar molecule dissolve
Despite being covalent , water can dissolve ionic compounds but not covalent compounds
Do ionic compounds conduct or not
They do conduct electricity when they are in solution or melted to form a liquid as the ions can move
Do covalent compounds conduct electricity or not
They do not conduct electricity in any state
What is the only acceptation to covalent compounds trying to conduct
Covalent compounds don’t conduct whereas carbon in the form of graphite even though it’s a covalent compound it does conduct
What is metallic bonding
electrostatic attraction between positively charged
metal ions and a sea of delocalised (free) negative electrons
What does it mean to be delocalised with metallic bonding
It means that they are free to move , allowing them to carry an electric charge through metallic structure
What is electrolysis
It is the decomposition (break down ) of ionic compounds using electricity
What ions are attached to what ( electrolysis)
Positive ions are attached to negative electrodes & negative ions are attached to positive electrodes
What is an example of an electrolysis experiment
Copper chloride solution being broke down using electricity to form copper & chloride
Where do covalent discrete molecules conduct electricity
They don’t conduct it in liquid , solid or solution
Where do covalent network conduct electricity
They don’t conduct it in solution , solid or liquid
Where do ionic bonds conduct electricity
Solid - they don’t conduct
Liquid - they conduct
Solution - they conduct
Where do metallic bonds conduct electricity
Solid -they conduct
Liquid - they conduct
Solution- in soluble
Most covalent substances don’t dissolve in water however what do they dissolve in
They do dissolve in oil.
What is a molecule
A molecule is a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.
What is a diatomic molecule
Element Which is made of 2 atoms e.g H2 or N2
What are balloon/petal diagrams used to show
how the outer electrons are shared between atoms to form covalent bonds.
Examples of covalent network
diamond (carbon), sand (silicon
dioxide) and graphite (carbon).
How to break an ionic lattice
Ionic compounds dissolve in water. When they dissolve in water the
lattice breaks up.
Solutions of ionic compounds can be broken down using a process called
electrolysis
What is the only Liquid Metal ( metallic bonding)
Most metals are solids. Mercury is the only liquid metal.
Why can metals conduct electricity
As electrons can move from metal ion to metal ion, metals conduct
electricity.
What is a covalent discrete molecule
A covalent molecule in which the Intermolecular forces are really weak
