chemical bonding Flashcards
compound
a substance that is made up of two or more different elements combined together chemically
octet rule
when bonding occurs, atoms tend to reach an electron arrangement with eight electrons in the outermost energy level
ion
a charged atom or group of atoms
ionic bond
the force of attraction between oppositely charged ions in a compound
always formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to the another
molecule
a group of atoms joined together, it is the smallest particle of an element that or compound that can exist independently
valency
the number of atoms of hydrogen or any other monovalent element with which each atom of the element combines
sigma bond
the head-on overlap of two orbitals
pi bond
the sideways overlap of p orbitals
electronegativity
the relative attraction that an atom in a molecule has for a shared pair or electrons in a covalent bond
polar covalent bond
a bond in which there is unequal sharing of a pair of electrons, causing one end of the bond to the slightly positive,δ+ and the other slightly negative,δ-
intramolecular bonding
bonding that takes place within a molecule, it holds the atoms together
intermolecular forces
the forces of attractions that exist between molecules
van der Waals forces
weak attractive forces between molecules, resulting in the formation of temporary dipoles, they are the only forces of attraction between non-polar molecules
dipole-dipole forces
forces of attractions between the negative pole of one polar molecule and the positive pole of another polar molecule
hydrogen bonding
a type of dipole-dipole attractions between molecules in which hydrogen atoms are bonded to nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine. the hydrogen atom carries a partial positive charge and is attached to the electronegative atom in another molecule
