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Chemistry Grade 10 > Chemical Bonding > Flashcards

Chemical Bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

Define: Chemical Bond

A

The force that holds to or more atoms together in a stable molecule.

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2
Q

Define: Electrovalent/Ionic Bonding

A

The transfer of electrons from a metallic atom to a non metallic atom to form an electrovalent/ionic compound.

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3
Q

Define: Covalent Compound

A

The mutual sharing of electrons between two non-metallic atoms (generally) to form a covalent compound.

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4
Q

Define: Coordinate Bond

A

A bond that has both properties of ionic bonds and covalent bonds.

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5
Q

Formation of ionic Compound:
1. Lower the IP of metallic atom ______.
2. Higher the EA of non-metallic atom ______.
3. Larger the electronegativity difference between the two atoms _______.

A
  1. greater the ease of cation formation.
  2. greater the ease of anion formation.
  3. electron transfer takes place easily.
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6
Q

Explain: Non-Polar Covalent Compound

A

When shared pair of electrons are equally distributed between the two atoms.

No charge separation takes place the covalent molecule is symmetrical and electrically neutral.

Eg. H2, Cl2, O2, N2, CH4, CCl4

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7
Q

Explain: Polar Covalent Compound

A

When shared pair of electrons are unequally distributed between the two atoms.

Charge separation takes place the atom that attracts electrons more strongly develops a slight negative charge.

Eg. H2O, NH3, HCL

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8
Q

Formation of H3O+ and NH4+ ion

A

TB page 33

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9
Q

Difference Between Ionic & Covalent compounds: State

A

I : Crystalline hard solids at room temperature.

C : Gas, Liquid or Soft Solid at room temperature.

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10
Q

Difference Between Ionic & Covalent compounds: Volatility

A

I : Non - volatile

C : Volatile

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11
Q

Difference Between Ionic & Covalent compounds:
Melting & Boiling Point

A

I : High because of strong electrostatic force of attraction.

C : Low because of weak VanderWaals force of attraction.

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12
Q

Difference Between Ionic & Covalent compounds: Conduction of Heat

A

I : Good

C : Bad or Non

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13
Q

Difference Between Ionic & Covalent compounds: Conduction of Electricity

A

I : Solid state - Non-conductors due to string electrostatic forces.
Molten or aqueous solution state - Good Conductors as electrostatic force is weakened forming free ions.

C : Non-Conductors
Non-polar covalent compounds (CCl4) contain molecules not free ions, polar covalent compounds (HCL, NH3) show charge separation and disassociate in H2O.

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14
Q

Difference Between Ionic & Covalent compounds: Electrolysis

A

I : can be electrolysed in molten or aq.soln state. on electrolysis the ions being charged are attracted towards the respective electrodes.

C : Cannot be electrolysed in normal state, but polar covalent compounds in solution state undergo electrolysis (HCL, NH3).

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15
Q

Difference Between Ionic & Covalent compounds: Solubility in Water

A

I : Soluble, due to high dielectric constant.

C : Polar are Soluble, Non-Polar are Insoluble.

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16
Q

Difference Between Ionic & Covalent compounds:
Solubility in Inorganic Solvents
eg. Benzene, alcohol

A

I : Insoluble, due to low dielectric constants.

C : Polar are Insoluble, Non-Polar are Soluble.

17
Q

Difference Between Ionic & Covalent compounds: Reactions

A

I : Undergo high speed ionic reactions, due to free ions easily formed in solution and they rapidly regroup in solution.

C : Undergo slow speed molecular reaction, as covalent molecules are first broken and new bonds are slowly established.

18
Q

Electrovalent compounds undergo electrolytic dissociation on passage of electric current.

Process includes separation of ions already present in the ionic compound.

eg. NaCl

A

Covalent Compounds undergo ionisation in solution state on passage of electric current.

Process includes formation of ion from molecules which are not in ionic state.

eg. HCl

19
Q

Electron dot diagram:

A

TB page 35

20
Q

Structure of Covalent & Electrovalent Compounds

A

Tb pg 25 to 32

Chemistry Grade 10 (3 decks)

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