Chemical Bonding

Question 1

define chemical bond

Answer 1

the force which holds two or more atoms together in a stable molecule

Question 2

periodic properties which affect chemical bond formation

Answer 2

1. IP
2. EA
3. EN

Question 3

for covalent compound, electronegativity difference…

Answer 3

should be negligible between the combining atoms

Question 4

oxidation and reduction in terms of electrons

Answer 4

oxidation- loses electrons
reduction- gains electrons

Question 5

define covalency

Answer 5

the number of electron pairs- which an atom shares with one or more atoms- of the same or different kind- to achieve stable electronic configuration

Question 6

define polar covalent

Answer 6

when shared pair of electrons are unequally distributed between two atoms. charge separation takes place, and the atom which attracts electrons gets a slight negative charge.

Question 7

define non polar covalent

Answer 7

when shared pair of electrons are distributed equally between two atoms. it is electrically neutral

Question 8

formula of hydronium ion

Answer 8

H3O +

Question 9

formula of hydroxyl ion

Answer 9

OH -

Question 10

define coordinate bond

Answer 10

a bond formed by a shared pair of electrons with both electrons coming from the same atom. it has properties of both electrovalent and covalent bond. AKA dative/co-ionic bond

Question 11

compounds containing ionic and covalent bond

Answer 11

sodium hydroxide
calcium carbonate

Question 12

compounds containing covalent and coordinate bonds

Answer 12

carbon monoxide, nitric acid

Question 13

compounds containing covalent, ionic, and coordinate bond

Answer 13

Ammonium chloride
K4[Fe(CN)6]

Question 14

volatility of electrovalent and covalent compounds

Answer 14

ionic: non volatile
covalent: volatile

Question 15

conduction of electricity of ionic and covalent compounds

Answer 15

ionic: solid- non conductors, liquid- conductors
covalent: non conductors

Question 16

electrolysis of ionic and covalent compounds

Answer 16

ionic: can be electrolysed
covalent: only polar covalents can be electrolysed

Question 17

why are ionic compounds soluble in water but not in organic solvents?

Answer 17

water has high dielectric constant (capacity to weaken force of attraction), while organic solvents have low dielectric constant

Question 18

why are covalent compounds soluble in organic solvents but not in water?

Answer 18

organic solvents (non polar) dissolve non polar covalent compounds because like dissolves like. water cannot dissolve them because it is polar

Question 19

difference between dissociation and ionisation

Answer 19

dissociation: separation of ions already present in compound, in ionic compounds
ionisation: formation of ions from molecules which are not in ionic state, in covalent compounds