Chemical Bonding Flashcards
What is ionic bonding?
Electrostatic attraction between cation and anion is called an ionic bond or an electrovalent bond.
What is the state of matter of ionic compounds at room temperature and pressure?
ionic compounds are solids room temperature and pressure.
Are ionic compounds volatile?
Ionic compounds are non volatile. Don’t evaporate at room temperature room temperature.
Do ionic compounds have low or high melting and boiling points?
Due to strong electrostatic attraction compounds have high melting and boiling points.
Do ionic compounds conduct electricity in the solid state?
Due to the absence of free mobile ions ionic compounds cannot conduct electricity in the solid state.
Do ionic compounds conduct electricity in the aqueous or molten state.
Due to the presence of free mobile ions ionic compounds do conduct electricity in the aqueous or molten state.
Are ionic compounds water soluble?
Ionic compounds are water soluble except Al2O3 and MgO. (because MgO and Al2O3 have a giant ionic lattice structure which dose not break easily and so they do not dissolve easily.
Define charge density.
Charge density is equal to charge/volume OR charge/Radius.
What is meant by the polarising power of a cation?
The ability of cations to attract or distort the electron cloud of anion is called the polarising power of a cation.
What does the polarising power of a cation depend upon?
The polarising power of a cation depends upon charge density. The greater the charge density the stronger the polarising power of cation.
Define covalent bonding:
A covalent bond involves the electrostatic attraction between nuclei of two atoms and a shared pair of electrons. Covalent bonding occurs between two non metals.
Is ionic bond formation an exothermic or endothermic process?
Ionic bond formation is an exothermic process.
What is the formula for nitrate ion?
NO3-
What is the formula for a Sulphate ion?
SO4^3-
What is the formula for Carbonate Ion?
CO3^2–
What is the formula for an ammonium ion?
NH4+
What is the formula for a hydroxide ion?
OH-
What is the formula for a Phosphate ion?
PO4^3-
What is a lone pair of electrons?
A lone pair of electrons refers to a pair of electrons that are not shared with another atom in a covalent bond and is sometimes called unshaired pair or non bonding pair.
Which elements have lone pairs?
The elements of group 5,6 and 7 have lone pair of electrons in their molecules.
What is the significance of a lone pair of electrons?
1.Affect the shape of covalent molecules.
2.Forms Dative bonding.
3.Are involved in hydrogen bonding.
4. Are important in the chemical reactions of compounds such as water and ammonia.
What is an electron deficient atoms?
There are some molecules which accommodate less than eight electrons in the outer shell which means that the central atom is “electron deficient”. For example boron trifluoride BF3 has only six electrons around the boron atom meaning that it is electron deficient.
What is an expanded octet atoms?
There are some molecules which accommodate more than eight electrons in their outer shell which means that the central atom is an expanded octet. (Mostly the elements in the period 3 can expand their octet. These elements use their unfilled empty 3p or 3d orbitals for the extra electrons. For example sulphur dioxide.
What is coordinate or dative bonding?
A coordinate or dative bond is a covalent bond (a shared pair of electrons) in which both electrons come from the same atom.
Some molecules have a lone pair of electrons that can be donated to form a bond with an electron deficient atom.
How does a dative or coordinate bond differ from a covalent bond?
A coordinate bond only differs from a covalent bond in its formation. Once formed it behaves just like a covalent bond.
Define metallic bonding.
A metallic bond is the electrostatic force of attraction between the positive metals ions and a sea of delocalised electrons.
What is an alloy.
Metals form alloys. Alloys are a mixture of metals and contain only metallic bonding. Alloys are stronger than metals.
REVIEW VALENCE SHELL ELECTRON PAIR REPULSION THEORY.
What is bond energy?
Bond energy (also known as bond enthalpy) is the energy required to break one mole of a particular covalent bond in the gaseous state.
as bond length increases bond energy decreases.
What are the units of bond energy?
The units are kilojoules per mole, KJ mol-1.
What is Bond Length?
Bond Length is the distance between the nuclei of two covalent bonded atoms.
What is the effect of bond strength?
Bond Strength can influence the reactivity of a compound.