Atomic Structure Flashcards
Define nucleons
The nucleus is made up of particles called nucleons. Protons and neutrons are also called nucleons.
What is the mass, charge and location of the particle electrons.
Mass: 1/1836
Charge: -1
Location: Orbitals
What is the mass, charge and location of the particle protons.
Mass=1
Charge=+1
Location= nucleus
What is the mass, charge and location of the particle neutrons
Mass=1
Charge=0
Location=Nucleus
Describe the behaviour of a beam of electrons when fired past electrically charged plates.
When a beam of electrons is fired past the electrically charged plates, the electrons are deflected very easily away from the negative plate towards the positive plate.
Explain the behaviour of a beam of electrons when fired past electrically charged plates.
Their behaviour proves that the electrons are negatively charged as like charges repel each other.
This also proves that electrons have a very samll mass, as they are easily deflected.
Describe the behaviour of a beam of protons when fired past the electrically charged plates.
A beam of protons when fired past electrically charged plates are deflected away from the positive plate towards the positive plate.
Explain the behaviour of a beam of protons when fired past electrically charged plates.
The behaviour of a beam of protons when fired past electrically charged plates proves that the proton is positively charged.
As proton are deflected less than electrons, this shows that protons are heavier than electrons,
Describe the behaviour of a beam of neutrons when fired past electrically charged plates.
A beam of neutrons is not deflected at all.
Explain the behaviour of a beam of neutrons when fired past electrically charged plates.
The behaviour of a beam of neutrons proves that the particle is neutral in character; it is not attracted or repelled by the negative or positive plate.
Define atomic number.
The atomic number (or proton number) is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom and has the symbol z.
Define mass number.
The mass number (or nucleon number) is the total number of protons+neutrons in the nucleus of an atom, and has the symbol A.
How can the number of neutrons be calculated?
The number of neutrons can be calculated:
Number of neutrons=mass number-atomic number.
How can you read nuclide notation?
CHECK NOTES
Define an ion and how it is formed.
An ion is a charged atom. Ions are formed when atoms either gain or lose electrons, causing them to be charged.
What are the two types of ions?
There are two types of ions:
Cations
Anions
Define a cation.
A cation is an ionic species with a positive charge.
Define an anion.
An anion is an ionic species with a negative charge.
Define a free radical.
Free radicals are highly reactive atoms that have one unpaired electron.
Are free radicals stable or unstable. Explain why.
Free radicals are unstable as there is tendency for unpaired electrons to pair up and so the free radicals react very quickly.
How are free radicals formed?
Free radicals can be formed when a covalent bond is broken by energy supplied by UV light.
Define Isotopes.
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that contain the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons.
What is the symbol for an isotope?
The symbol for an isotope is the chemical symbol (or word) followed by a dash and then the mass number.
For e.g. carbon-12 and carbon-14
Do isotopes have similar or different chemical properties and why?
Isotopes have similar chemical properties. This is because they have the same number of electrons in their outer shell. Electrons take part in chemical reaction therefore determines the chemistry of an atom.
Do isotopes have similar or different physical properties and why?
isotopes of the same element display different physical properties such as small differences in their mass and density as they have different number of neutrons.