Chemical Bonding

Question 1

Why are noble gases stable?

Answer 1

Noble gases are stable because their valence electron shells are fully-filled with electrons

Question 2

Noble gases are normally..?

Answer 2

Unreactive

Stable

Question 3

What do noble gases have?

Answer 3

Duplet electronic configuration

Octet electronic configuration

Question 4

What are cations? When are they formed?

Answer 4

Positive ions

Formed when atoms lose electrons

Question 5

What are anions? When are the formed?

Answer 5

Negative ions

Formed when atoms gain electrons

Question 6

What are polyatomic ions? Examples?

Answer 6

Ions composed of two or more covalently bonded atoms
EXP: 
Ammonium ion, NH4+
Carbonate ion, CO32-
Sulfate ion, SO42-

Question 7

Define an ionic bond

Answer 7

A bond formed by the transfer of electrons between two atoms
Metals + Non-metals = Ionic

Question 8

What are ionic compounds?

Answer 8

Compounds that contain ionic bonds

Question 9

High melting / boiling point format

Answer 9

Ions are held together in a giant lattice structure._ is an ionic compound with strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions. A high amount of heat energy is required to overcome these forces of attraction. Therefore, _ has a high melting / boiling point

Question 10

What are the features of giant lattice structure?

Answer 10

1. The ions are held together by ionic bonds

2. The ions are packed in a regular pattern

Question 11

Solid state format

Answer 11

In the solid state, ions are held in fixed positions in the giant lattice structure and are not free to move

Question 12

Molten / aqueous state format

Answer 12

In the molten / aqueous state, ions can move freely and can behave as mobile charged carriers to conduct electricity

Question 13

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 13

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms

Question 14

What are the physical properties of ionic compounds?

Answer 14

1. Most ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points
2. Ionic compounds are usually soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents
3. Ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or in aqueous solution

Question 15

What are the physical properties of covalent substances?

Answer 15

1. Most covalent substances with simple molecules have low melting and boiling points
2. Covalent substances are usually insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents
3. Most covalent substances do not conduct electricity whether in solid, liquid or gaseous state

Question 16

Low melting and boiling point format

Answer 16

Simple molecular substances exist as simple, discrete molecules held by weak intermolecular forces of attraction. These weak intermolecular forces of attraction require little energy to overcome, resulting in low melting and boiling points

Question 17

Do not conduct electricity format

Answer 17

Simple molecular substances are neutral discrete molecules. Hence, their is no mobile ions or electrons to act as mobile charged carriers to conduct electricity