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Honors Bio > Chemical Basis of Life > Flashcards

Chemical Basis of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

Element

A

A substance that cannot be broken down by any chemical means

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2
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

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3
Q

Compound

A

A substance consisting of 2 or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio

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4
Q

Name 2 examples of a compound

A

Water, Salt

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5
Q

Trace element

A

essential for life but required in extremely small amounts

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6
Q

Name 3 examples of trace elements

A

Sodium, Sulfur, Chlorine

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7
Q

Atom

A

the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element

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8
Q

Proton

A

Positive

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9
Q

Nuetron

A

nuetral

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10
Q

Electron

A

Negative

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11
Q

Nucleus

A

An atoms central core, containing only protons and nuetrons

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12
Q

Atomic Number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus

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13
Q

Mass number

A

The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

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14
Q

Atomic mass

A

Total mass of an atom; approx. mass number

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15
Q

Isotope

A

One of the atomic forms of an element, each with the same number or protons but different number of nuetrons

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16
Q

Radioactive Isotope

A

The nucleus decays spontaneously giving off particles and energy

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17
Q

What are the six most common elements in living things

A

Carbon, phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, hydrogen

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18
Q

Compare and contrast the difference between ionic and covealent bonds

A

Ionic bonds result when electrons are transferred between atoms. Covalent bonds result when valence electrons are shared between atoms.

19
Q

Molecule

A

2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

20
Q

Electonegativity

A

Determines the measure of how much attraction atoms have toward another atom. For example, oxygen has more electronegativity than hydrogen resulting in it being positive.

21
Q

Non polar Covalent bond

A

A covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity

22
Q

Polar Covalent bond

A

A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electron is pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other slightly positive.

23
Q

Polar Molecule

A

A molecule containing polar covalent bonds and having an uneven distribution of charges

24
Q

Ion

A

An atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost 1 or more electrons, thus acquiring a change

25
Q

Ionic Bond

A

aA chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions

26
Q

Salt

A

A compound resulting from the formation of ionic bonds, also called an ionic compound

27
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

A type of weak chemical bond formed by a positive bond attracted to a negative bond

28
Q

Chemical reaction

A

The making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter

29
Q

Reactants

A

A starting material in a chemical reaction

30
Q

Product

A

An ending material in a chemical reaction

31
Q

Cohesion

A

The sticking together of molecules of the same kind, often by hydrogen bonds. Water sticking to itself

32
Q

Adhesion

A

The attraction between different kinds of molecules. Water sticking to other things, this makes bubbles on a door or on plants, etc.

33
Q

Surface Tension

A

A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid.

34
Q

Give an example of a bond that has high surface tension

A

Water because the hydrogen bonding of its surface molecules

35
Q

Heat

A

Thermal Energy: The amount of energy associated with the movement of the atoms and molecules in a body of matter

36
Q

Temperature

A

A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees, reflecting the average kinetic energy.

37
Q

Evaporative cooling

A

The process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler during evaporation.

38
Q

Which is more dense: Water or Ice

A

Water

39
Q

What is an aqueous solution

A

A solution in which water is the solvent

40
Q

Solute

A

the substance being dissolved

41
Q

Solvent

A

the substance that is dissolving a solute

42
Q

Describe the buffer system

A

In blood vessels, lungs, etc. there are both acid and base fluids that are in equilibrium. When a hydrogen ion is added, this will decrease the acid level, so the base will become an acid for a short period of time in order to keep the same Ph level. The same goes for if a hydrogen ion was lost, it would raise the acid level, so an acid would change into a base to stay equal.

43
Q

Explain Acid precipitation

A

Acid precipitation is rain that is below 5.6 ph. it is formed when fossil fuels are burned making nitrogen and sulfur which combine with water to make acid rain

Honors Bio (7 decks)

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