Chemical Bases of life

Question 1

The six elements that build most living tissues are:

Answer 1

Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur

Question 2

Carbohydrate (atoms)

Answer 2

CH2O
1:2:1 ratio -
“Carbo” = C
“Hydrate” = H2O

Question 3

Carbohydrate (monomers)

Answer 3

Monosaccharides

Examples of monosaccharides *glucose
*fructose
*galactose

Question 4

Carbohydrate (Examples and Functions in Living Things)

Answer 4

Glucose: Main energy source for metabolism
Starch: Stores energy in plants
Glycogen: Stores energy in animal muscle and liver cells

Question 5

Glucose

Answer 5

Main energy source for metabolism

Question 6

Starch

Answer 6

Stores energy in plants

Question 7

Glycogen

Answer 7

Stores energy in animal muscle and liver cells

Question 8

Lipid( atoms)

Answer 8

C,H,O

Question 9

Lipid (monomer)

Answer 9

In Triglycerides (fats):

Backbone=
Glycerol

Plus

3 Fatty Acid
Tails

Question 10

Lipids (example and functions)

Answer 10

Fats: Long term energy storage
Waxes and oils: Store energy, and can be used for repelling water
Steroids: Lipids with 4 attached rings, include cholesterol, estrogen, testosterone, Vitamin D
Cholesterol: Cell membrane component, can clog blood vessels
Prostaglandins: Lipids with a 5 carbon ring that are formed and released by cell membranes – they play a role in blood clotting, immune system, inflammatory response, regulate other hormones, influence blood pressure etc.
Phospholipids: Build cell membranes

Question 11

Fats

Answer 11

: Long term energy storage

Question 12

Waxes and oils:

Answer 12

Store energy, and can be used for repelling water

Question 13

Steroids

Answer 13

Lipids with 4 attached rings, include cholesterol, estrogen, testosterone, Vitamin D

Question 14

Cholesterol

Answer 14

Cell membrane component, can clog blood vessels

Question 15

Prostaglandins

Answer 15

Lipids with a 5 carbon ring that are formed and released by cell membranes – they play a role in blood clotting, immune system, inflammatory response, regulate other hormones, influence blood pressure etc.

Question 16

Phospholipids

Answer 16

Build cell membranes

Question 17

Protein (atoms)

Answer 17

C,H,O,N

Question 18

Protein (monomers)

Answer 18

Amino Acids

which are joined
together by peptide bonds

Question 19

Protein ( example and functions)

Answer 19

Enzymes: Speed up chemical reactions
Structural: Build the structure of the body
Contractile: Build muscle tissue
Hormones: Allows cells to communicate
Antibodies: Defend the body from pathogens
Transport: Bind to other substances in the blood (example – hemoglobin)
Receptors: Act as binding sites on the cell membrane for certain molecules

Question 20

Enzymes

Answer 20

Speed up chemical reactions

Question 21

Structural

Answer 21

Build the structure of the body

Question 22

Contractile

Answer 22

Build muscle tissue

Question 23

Hormones

Answer 23

Allows cells to communicate

Question 24

Antibodies

Answer 24

Defend the body from pathogens

Question 25

Transport

Answer 25

Bind to other substances in the blood (example – hemoglobin)

Question 26

Receptors

Answer 26

Act as binding sites on the cell membrane for certain molecules

Question 27

Nucleic Acids (atoms)

Answer 27

C,.H,O,N,P

Question 28

nucleic acids (monomers)

Answer 28

Nucleotides

Question 29

nucleic acid (examples and functions)

Answer 29

DNA: Contains the genes & hereditary information
RNA: The molecule that uses the DNA code to help build proteins
ATP: The energy molecule of cells

Question 30

DNA

Answer 30

Contains the genes & hereditary information

Question 31

RNA

Answer 31

The molecule that uses the DNA code to help build proteins

Question 32

ATP

Answer 32

The energy molecule of cells

Question 33

Discuss the structure of the cell membrane

Answer 33

Cell membranes are made of two layers of phospholipids.
Proteins in the phospholipid bilayer serve several functions, such as acting as cell labels, acting as receptors for hormone and nerve signals, and acting as selective channels through which molecules can enter the cell.
These selective
channels aid the membrane in its function of controlling what gets in and out of a cell.